Nutrition and Hydration: A Guide for High School Freshmen

Question 1

Which of these is a sign that you are dehydrated?

Accepted Answer

Dark-colored urine

Answer

Reduced thirst

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Improved skin complexion

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient that the human body must get from its food?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Vitamins

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fats

Question 4

When exercising, which food choice offers the most easily usable energy source in the form of simple sugars?

Accepted Answer

Sports drink

Answer

Steak

Answer

Broccoli

Answer

Trail mix

Question 5

Identify the micronutrient from the following options:

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient, a type of nutrient needed in large amounts by the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 7

Which of the following is **NOT** a macronutrient that provides energy and helps build and repair tissues?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 8

Which food item is a good source of carbohydrates, which are essential for providing the body with energy?

Accepted Answer

Beans

Answer

Broccoli

Answer

Cheese

Answer

Salmon

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT an essential nutrient for peak physical performance and well-being?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Vitamins

Question 10

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Transporting oxygen through the bloodstream

Question 11

Which of the following is a micronutrient, unlike the others?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 12

Besides providing energy, what other crucial function do carbohydrates perform?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Insulating the body

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Question 13

What nutrient serves as the body's main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient? Macronutrients are nutrients we need in large amounts to provide energy and build and repair our bodies.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 16

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Supporting cell growth

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Transporting oxygen and nutrients

Question 17

What is the primary function of macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the body?

Accepted Answer

To provide the body with essential building blocks for growth and repair

Answer

To aid in enzyme reactions and regulate bodily functions

Answer

To regulate fluid balance and maintain electrolyte levels

Answer

To act as antioxidants and protect against cellular damage

Question 18

To prevent dehydration during physical activity, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

Drink fluids regularly before, during, and after exercise.

Answer

Avoid drinking fluids before exercise.

Answer

Wait until you feel thirsty to drink fluids.

Answer

Limit fruits and vegetables in your diet.

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT belong in a nutritious meal plan?

Accepted Answer

Sugary drinks

Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Lean protein

Question 20

Which vitamin is essential for maintaining healthy skin and eyesight?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin K

Question 21

Which nutrient is crucial for constructing and mending body tissues, like muscles and bones?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Question 22

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are all macronutrients. Which characteristic is unique to carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Being stored in the body as glycogen

Answer

Providing energy to the body

Answer

Assisting in building and repairing tissues in the body

Question 23

What's the primary goal of dietary guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Helping people understand food choices and make healthier ones

Answer

Restricting certain foods or food groups

Answer

Addressing food shortages and ensuring everyone has enough to eat

Answer

Setting rules for the food industry and making sure food is safe

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient that provides energy and repairs tissues, but aids in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Fiber

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids (Fats)

Question 26

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 27

Which nutrient is the primary energy source for the body during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins and minerals

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamins and minerals in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Regulating body processes

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Protecting against diseases

Question 29

Which nutrient is essential for building and repairing muscles?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins and Minerals

Question 30

What is the main purpose of establishing daily nutrient intake recommendations in dietary guidelines?

Accepted Answer

To promote health and prevent diseases through a balanced diet

Answer

To monitor the health of the population

Answer

To enforce dietary restrictions and eliminate unhealthy foods

Answer

To track individual nutritional habits and preferences

Question 31

Which nutrient is crucial for building and repairing muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Question 32

When exercising, which of these is a common sign of dehydration that can hurt your performance?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth and throat

Answer

Feeling more energetic

Answer

Thinking more clearly

Question 33

During physical activity, which nutrient serves as the body's main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 34

What is the main purpose of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provide energy for body functions

Answer

Build and repair body tissues

Answer

Store energy for later use

Question 35

Which vitamin is crucial for building and maintaining strong, healthy bones?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 36

Which nutrient class is essential for providing energy to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 37

Which vitamin is essential for helping your body absorb and use calcium and phosphorus, promoting strong bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 38

Which of the following is **not** a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Question 39

Which vitamin is crucial for a healthy immune system?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 40

Which nutrient provides energy and helps build and repair body tissues?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Calcium

Question 41

How does maintaining proper hydration help prevent muscle cramps during physical activity, and which physiological mechanisms are involved?

Accepted Answer

Hydration regulates electrolyte balance, which is essential for muscle function.

Answer

Hydration removes toxins that can cause muscle cramps.

Answer

Hydration lowers body temperature, preventing muscle fatigue.

Answer

Hydration enhances blood flow to muscles, reducing cramping.

Question 42

How do lifestyle factors like stress, sleep, and physical activity impact our nutritional needs and overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle factors can influence nutrient needs and overall nutritional status by affecting appetite, metabolism, and nutrient absorption.

Answer

Lifestyle factors have no effect on nutrient requirements.

Answer

Stress, sleep, and physical activity can only increase nutrient needs.

Answer

Physical activity is the only lifestyle factor that affects nutrient needs.

Question 43

What is the definition of nutrient density?

Accepted Answer

The amount of nutrients in a specific amount of food.

Answer

How well the body absorbs nutrients from food.

Answer

The number of calories in a particular food.

Answer

How filling a food is based on its nutrient content.

Question 44

How do cultural and socioeconomic factors influence our food choices and nutritional well-being?

Accepted Answer

They shape food preferences, availability, and accessibility, impacting both food choices and nutritional status.

Answer

They have no impact.

Answer

They affect food choices only.

Answer

They affect nutritional status only.

Question 45

Explain the short-term and long-term consequences of chronic dehydration on the human body.

Accepted Answer

Short-term: fatigue, headaches, constipation; Long-term: kidney stones, joint pain

Answer

Only minor symptoms like thirst and dry mouth, no long-term health impact

Answer

Short-term: digestive issues; Long-term: skin and hair problems

Answer

Severe electrolyte imbalances, no impact on organ function

Question 46

How do the kidneys, hormones, and thirst mechanisms collaborate to maintain the body's fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys regulate fluid balance by adjusting urine volume and electrolyte levels.

Accepted Answer

Hormones like ADH control water reabsorption in the kidneys, influencing fluid balance.

Accepted Answer

Thirst signals the need for fluid intake when levels are low.

Answer

The digestive system's primary role is nutrient absorption, not fluid balance regulation.

Question 47

Which essential nutrient provides the body with energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Minerals

Answer

Vitamins

Question 48

Which option represents a nutritious lunch choice?

Accepted Answer

Salad with grilled chicken

Answer

Bagel with cream cheese

Answer

Pizza with extra cheese

Answer

Hamburger with fries

Question 49

What is the main function of fiber in one's diet?

Accepted Answer

Digestion regulation

Answer

Energy provision

Answer

Muscle development

Answer

Immune system enhancement

Question 50

What is the primary source of carbohydrates in one's diet?

Accepted Answer

Grains

Answer

Fruits

Answer

Vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Question 51

How do food processing and preservation techniques affect the nutritional value of food? Consider both the potential benefits and drawbacks of these techniques.

Accepted Answer

Food processing and preservation techniques often reduce the nutritional value of food, but they increase convenience and shelf life.

Answer

Food processing and preservation techniques always enhance the nutritional value of food.

Answer

Food processing and preservation techniques have no significant impact on the nutritional value of food.

Answer

Food processing and preservation techniques have no impact on the nutritional value of food and are always safe and beneficial.

Question 52

When making food choices, which ethical or environmental factor should be a top priority?

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact

Answer

Personal preference

Answer

Cost

Answer

Ease of preparation

Question 53

Which nutrient deficiency can cause fatigue, muscle weakness, and anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Excessive protein intake

Answer

Calcium deficiency

Answer

Excessive fiber intake

Question 54

How do genetics and individual differences impact personalized nutrition recommendations?

Accepted Answer

Genetics affect how nutrients are absorbed and used, leading to different nutritional needs.

Answer

Genetics do not influence nutritional needs, as everyone has the same requirements.

Answer

Individual factors like age and activity level do not affect nutritional needs.

Answer

Personalized nutrition is only important for athletes and people with specific health conditions.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a known benefit of maintaining a healthy diet?

Accepted Answer

Faster recovery from injuries

Answer

Reduced risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Improved mood and cognitive function

Answer

Boosted energy levels

Question 56

What is the main purpose of carbohydrates in our bodies?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Controlling body temperature

Answer

Sending signals through nerves

Question 57

Which of the following is a benefit of good nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Improved athletic performance

Answer

Increased risk of chronic diseases

Answer

Increased risk of obesity

Answer

Weakened immune system

Question 58

Which of the following is a macronutrient essential for building and repairing tissues?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Fiber

Answer

Sodium

Question 59

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Aiding in digestion

Question 60

Which vitamin is crucial for maintaining healthy skin and vision?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 61

What is the most effective way to ensure a balanced diet?

Accepted Answer

Incorporating a variety of foods from all food groups

Answer

Consuming only whole foods

Answer

Counting calories

Answer

Focusing on a single food group

Question 62

Which of the following can be a potential consequence of poor nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Chronic disease

Answer

Improved athletic performance

Answer

Healthy skin and hair

Answer

Increased energy levels

Question 63

Which of the following is a healthy source of protein?

Accepted Answer

Lean chicken

Answer

Bacon

Answer

Fried fish

Answer

Potato chips

Question 64

How do sugar-sweetened drinks impact hydration and contribute to chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Sugar-sweetened drinks can dehydrate the body and raise the risk of chronic diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Answer

Sugar-sweetened drinks are essential for staying hydrated.

Answer

Drinking sugar-sweetened drinks does not contribute to chronic diseases.

Answer

Sugar-sweetened drinks promote hydration and reduce the risk of chronic illnesses.