Transcription: The Key to Gene Expression in Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of these molecules is NOT directly involved in the process of transcribing DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Transcription factors

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds in RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 3

What is the primary function of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To elongate the RNA chain

Question 4

What is the role of the promoter region in transcription?

Accepted Answer

To bind RNA polymerase

Answer

To terminate transcription

Question 5

What is the process by which introns are removed from RNA transcripts?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Question 6

During translation, which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 7

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 8

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during the initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Ligase

Question 9

Which non-coding RNA is crucial for ribosome assembly and function?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal RNA

Answer

Transfer RNA

Answer

Messenger RNA

Answer

MicroRNA

Question 10

Inducible promoters differ from constitutive promoters in that they are:

Accepted Answer

Active only under specific conditions

Answer

Active continuously

Answer

Located upstream of the transcription start site

Answer

Bound by repressor proteins

Question 11

Transcription factors primarily function by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to DNA and regulating transcription

Answer

Synthesizing RNA from DNA

Answer

Translating RNA into protein

Answer

Replicating DNA

Question 12

Which of the following is not a step in transcription elongation?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase unwinding the DNA double helix

Answer

RNA polymerase binding to the promoter

Answer

RNA polymerase synthesizing an RNA strand

Answer

RNA polymerase elongating the RNA strand

Question 13

The terminator sequence in transcription functions to:

Accepted Answer

Signal the end of transcription

Answer

Provide a binding site for RNA polymerase

Answer

Promote RNA translation

Answer

Inhibit transcription of neighboring genes

Question 14

Which characteristic of introns is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

Present only in prokaryotic genes

Answer

Non-coding sequences

Answer

Removed during RNA splicing

Answer

Not essential for protein synthesis

Question 15

Explain the significance of alternative splicing in gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Generates multiple protein isoforms from a single gene, influencing protein diversity

Answer

Enhances gene expression by increasing mRNA stability

Answer

Improves protein translation efficiency

Answer

Reduces the number of introns in the primary transcript

Question 16

Identify the enzyme crucial for transcription.

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Question 17

Describe the process that modifies the primary transcript into mature mRNA.

Accepted Answer

RNA processing (splicing, capping, and polyadenylation)

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

Explain the unique role of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses.

Accepted Answer

Transcribes RNA into DNA, enabling viral replication

Answer

Translates RNA into protein, producing viral components

Answer

Replicates viral DNA, creating new viral genomes

Answer

Promotes viral entry into host cells

Question 19

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 20

Which type of RNA molecule transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 21

Which of the following does NOT directly influence transcription regulation?

Accepted Answer

Translation rate

Answer

Transcription factors

Answer

Enhancers

Answer

Histone modifications

Question 22

In eukaryotic genes, what is the primary function of introns?

Accepted Answer

Are removed during RNA processing

Answer

Encode proteins

Answer

Enhance gene expression

Answer

Terminate transcription