Molecular Biology Techniques: Master the Fundamentals of DNA Manipulation

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Denaturation

Answer

Annealing

Answer

Extension

Question 2

Which enzyme is essential for amplifying DNA fragments in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Ligase

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Separating DNA fragments based on size

Answer

Amplifying DNA fragments

Answer

Sequencing DNA molecules

Answer

Detecting mutations

Question 4

Which method is primarily employed to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Answer

DNA cloning

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Question 5

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence 5'-ATGCAT-3' according to the base-pairing rules?

Accepted Answer

3'-TACGTA-5'

Answer

3'-GATCAT-5'

Answer

3'-TACGAT-5'

Answer

3'-CATGTA-5'

Question 6

What is the primary function of restriction enzymes in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Cleave DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

Answer

Amplify DNA fragments

Answer

Sequence DNA molecules

Answer

Translate DNA into RNA

Question 7

What is the primary advantage of using quantitative PCR over conventional PCR?

Accepted Answer

It enables precise quantification of DNA or RNA molecules

Answer

It is faster than conventional PCR

Answer

It is more sensitive than conventional PCR

Answer

It can detect mutations more efficiently

Question 8

Which DNA sequencing method stands out for its ability to produce a high volume of reads efficiently and cost-effectively?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

Answer

Sanger sequencing

Answer

Pyrosequencing

Answer

Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing

Question 9

During DNA extraction, which of the following steps is crucial for removing cellular debris and contaminants?

Accepted Answer

Lysis

Answer

Precipitation

Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Quantification

Question 10

In gel electrophoresis, what is the primary role of the agarose gel?

Accepted Answer

Separating DNA fragments based on their size

Answer

Detecting the presence of DNA

Answer

Amplifying DNA fragments

Answer

Determining the sequence of DNA

Question 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) utilizes which enzyme to synthesize new DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Question 12

In molecular biology, what is the primary function of a DNA sequencer?

Accepted Answer

Determining the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA fragment

Answer

Amplifying DNA

Answer

Separating DNA fragments by size

Answer

Detecting DNA mutations

Question 13

Which of the following is a key advantage of using restriction enzymes in molecular biology research?

Accepted Answer

Precisely cutting DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

Answer

Amplifying specific DNA regions

Answer

Detecting mutations in DNA

Answer

Sequencing DNA fragments

Question 14

In molecular biology, what is the primary role of DNA ligase?

Accepted Answer

Joining DNA fragments together

Answer

Cutting DNA at specific sequences

Answer

Amplifying DNA

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Question 15

Which technique is used to amplify specific regions of DNA?

Accepted Answer

PCR

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of using a spectrophotometer in molecular biology laboratories?

Accepted Answer

Quantifying the concentration of DNA and RNA samples

Answer

Separating DNA fragments by size

Answer

Detecting mutations in DNA

Answer

Sequencing DNA fragments

Question 17

Which molecular biology technique is used in forensic science to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Question 18

Which of the following enzymes is used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) using an RNA template?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 19

In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the annealing temperature specifically refers to:

Accepted Answer

The temperature at which primers bind to their complementary sequences on the target DNA

Answer

The temperature at which the DNA denatures

Answer

The temperature at which the DNA polymerase is most active

Question 20

Which of the following techniques is primarily used for separating DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

PCR

Question 21

The Sanger method of DNA sequencing is based on the incorporation of:

Accepted Answer

Dideoxynucleotides

Answer

Radioactive nucleotides

Answer

Next-generation sequencing technology

Answer

Fluorescently labeled nucleotides

Question 22

Which of the following methods is commonly used for extracting DNA from cells?

Accepted Answer

Phenol-chloroform extraction

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 23

Restriction enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences known as:

Accepted Answer

Restriction sites

Answer

Terminators

Answer

Promoters

Answer

Enhancers

Question 24

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to visualize and measure the size of DNA fragments after gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Ethidium bromide staining

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

PCR

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 25

PCR is a widely used technique that enables:

Accepted Answer

The amplification of specific DNA sequences in vitro

Answer

The separation of DNA fragments

Answer

The extraction of DNA from cells

Answer

The sequencing of DNA

Question 26

Which of the following techniques is used to detect specific DNA sequences within a DNA sample?

Accepted Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing