Sampling Techniques and Data Collection: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Research

Question 1

Which statement best describes the key difference between probability and non-probability sampling methods?

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling ensures that each person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen, while non-probability sampling does not.

Answer

Probability sampling is always more reliable than non-probability sampling.

Answer

Non-probability sampling is always less expensive and faster than probability sampling.

Question 2

In healthcare research involving human participants, which ethical principle should be prioritized above all others?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Answer

Using random sampling to select participants

Answer

Anonymizing data to protect participants' privacy

Answer

Seeking approval from the university's research ethics board

Question 3

Which of the following is a potential consequence of sampling bias in research?

Accepted Answer

Biased conclusions

Answer

Accurate representation of the target population

Answer

Generalizable results

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique used in research?

Accepted Answer

Quota sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 5

What is the main objective of using a stratified sampling technique in research?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that diverse subgroups of the population are fairly represented in the sample.

Answer

To minimize bias in the research findings.

Answer

To simplify the data collection process.

Answer

To enhance the reliability of the research conclusions.

Question 6

What is the primary advantage of employing qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

They offer in-depth insights into the thoughts, experiences, and perspectives of participants.

Answer

They are less time-consuming and more cost-effective to conduct.

Answer

They permit statistical analysis of the data.

Answer

They are inherently more reliable than quantitative research methods.

Question 7

Which of the following is a benefit of using a convenience sample?

Accepted Answer

It is easy and quick to recruit participants.

Answer

It is representative of the target population.

Answer

It provides detailed insights into individual cases.

Answer

It allows for generalization of the findings to a broader population.

Question 8

In healthcare research, what is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome being measured, while the independent variable is the factor being manipulated.

Answer

The independent variable is the outcome being measured, while the dependent variable is the factor being manipulated.

Answer

Both variables play equally important roles in research design.

Answer

There is no distinction between dependent and independent variables.

Question 9

When the population of interest is very large, which sampling technique is best suited?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 10

Which data collection method involves direct interaction between the researcher and study participants?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Observational studies

Answer

Document analysis

Question 11

Which type of sampling frame is most likely to produce a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

A list of all patients in a specific hospital

Answer

A group of volunteers who have previously participated in research studies

Answer

A random selection of phone numbers

Answer

A convenience sample of individuals who happen to be present at a particular location

Question 12

The primary objective of qualitative data analysis is to:

Accepted Answer

Identify patterns and themes in the data

Answer

Make generalizations about the population

Answer

Test hypotheses

Answer

Quantify the results

Question 13

How does sample size influence the accuracy and reliability of a research study's findings?

Accepted Answer

A larger sample size generally enhances both accuracy and reliability.

Answer

A smaller sample size typically leads to lower accuracy and reliability.

Answer

Sample size has no impact on accuracy or reliability.

Answer

A larger sample size diminishes accuracy but strengthens reliability.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key advantage of employing probability sampling techniques?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring equal selection chances for all individuals in the population

Answer

Eliminating sampling error

Answer

Lower cost compared to non-probability sampling techniques

Question 15

Which sampling technique is non-probability-based and involves selecting participants based on their accessibility?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 16

The collection of data from participants is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Data collection

Answer

Sampling

Answer

Analysis

Answer

Interpretation

Question 17

Observational studies are a type of data collection method that involves:

Accepted Answer

Observing participants without actively intervening

Answer

Surveying participants

Answer

Interviewing participants

Answer

Experimenting on participants

Question 18

The concept of applying research findings to a larger population is known as:

Accepted Answer

External validity

Answer

Validity

Answer

Reliability

Answer

Internal validity

Question 19

The systematic selection of participants from a list or database is known as:

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Answer

Quota sampling

Question 20

Which sampling technique is best suited for obtaining a representative sample of a large population?

Accepted Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 21

What is the main advantage of using a stratified sampling method?

Accepted Answer

Ensures that subgroups within the population are adequately represented.

Answer

Simplifies data analysis

Answer

Reduces sampling error

Question 22

Which data collection method involves directly observing and recording participants' behavior?

Accepted Answer

Observational research

Answer

Interviewing

Answer

Surveying

Answer

Focus groups

Question 23

Which of the following is a sampling error?

Accepted Answer

The sample does not accurately represent the population from which it was drawn.

Answer

The data analysis is biased.

Answer

The researcher makes mistakes in recording data.

Question 24

What is the importance of ensuring the reliability of research findings?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that the findings are consistent across different studies and researchers.

Answer

To make the findings more interesting to readers.

Answer

To reduce the likelihood of bias.