Nuclear Energy: Fission, Fusion, and Applications

Question 1

Which particle is not released during nuclear fission?

Accepted Answer

Protons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Gamma rays

Answer

Electrons

Question 2

What is nuclear fusion?

Accepted Answer

Light nuclei combining to form heavier nuclei

Answer

Heavy nuclei splitting into lighter nuclei

Answer

Radioactive isotopes decaying over time

Answer

Electrons capturing protons

Question 3

Which isotope is commonly used in nuclear power plants?

Accepted Answer

Uranium-235

Answer

Plutonium-239

Answer

Thorium-232

Answer

Cesium-137

Question 4

What is the purpose of a moderator in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

To slow down neutrons

Answer

To speed up neutrons

Answer

To reflect neutrons

Answer

To capture neutrons

Question 5

What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for half of the isotope to decay

Answer

The time it takes for all of the isotope to decay

Answer

The time it takes for a quarter of the isotope to decay

Answer

The time it takes for the isotope to decay completely

Question 6

Which subatomic particle is NOT a fundamental component of atomic nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Quark

Question 7

The release of energy during the splitting of heavy atomic nuclei is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Radioactive decay

Answer

Nuclear bombardment

Question 8

Controlled fusion of light atomic nuclei results in:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear transmutation

Answer

Nuclear bombardment

Question 9

Activity of a radioactive substance is measured in units of:

Accepted Answer

Becquerel

Answer

Roentgen

Answer

Gray

Answer

Sievert

Question 10

The spontaneous emission of particles from a radioactive nucleus is known as:

Accepted Answer

Radioactive decay

Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Nuclear bombardment

Question 11

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of radioactive decay?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Type of radioactive isotope

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Chemical composition

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a product of nuclear fission?

Accepted Answer

Uranium-238

Answer

Krypton-92

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Energy

Question 13

What is the process by which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Radioactive decay

Answer

Nuclear transmutation

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

No radioactive waste

Answer

High energy density

Answer

Low greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Abundant fuel supply

Question 15

What is the purpose of a control rod in a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

To absorb neutrons and slow down the reaction

Answer

To release neutrons and speed up the reaction

Answer

To remove radioactive waste from the reactor

Answer

To generate electricity

Question 16

What is the main challenge in harnessing nuclear fusion for practical applications?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures and pressures required

Answer

Lack of suitable fuel sources

Answer

Radioactive waste disposal

Answer

Political and economic barriers

Question 17

Which of the following represents the correct equation for the process of nuclear fission?

Accepted Answer

235U + 1n → 141Ba + 92Kr + 3n

Answer

235U + 1n → 144Ba + 90Kr + 2n

Answer

238U + 1n → 140Ce + 96Zr + 3n

Answer

238U + 1n → 142Ce + 94Zr + 4n

Question 18

Identify the process wherein two lighter atomic nuclei merge to form a heavier nucleus:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Radioactive decay

Answer

Electron capture

Question 19

In nuclear power plants, which radioactive isotope is commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Uranium-235

Answer

Uranium-238

Answer

Plutonium-239

Answer

Thorium-232

Question 20

What term describes the self-sustaining chain reaction that occurs within a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

Criticality

Answer

Fission

Answer

Half-life

Answer

Radiation

Question 21

Which of the following processes entails the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Nuclear decay

Answer

Nuclear bombardment

Question 22

In a nuclear fusion reaction, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing:

Accepted Answer

Energy

Answer

Alpha particles

Answer

Beta particles

Answer

Gamma rays

Question 23

Which isotope of uranium is commonly employed as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo sustained nuclear fission?

Accepted Answer

Uranium-235

Answer

Uranium-238

Answer

Plutonium-239

Answer

Thorium-232

Question 24

In a nuclear reactor, the primary method used to regulate the rate of the nuclear chain reaction is through the use of:

Accepted Answer

Insertion or removal of control rods

Answer

Adjusting the concentration of fuel

Answer

Varying the temperature

Answer

Changing the pressure

Question 25

Which of the following is not considered an advantage of utilizing nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

Complete elimination of radioactive waste

Answer

Reduced greenhouse gas emissions

Answer

Reliable energy production

Answer

High energy density

Question 26

The primary concern associated with nuclear waste stems from its:

Accepted Answer

Long-term radioactivity and associated health risks

Answer

Short half-life, leading to rapid decay

Answer

Biological hazard posed by its toxicity

Answer

High cost of disposal and storage

Question 27

Nuclear energy finds applications in various fields. Which of the following is NOT a domain where nuclear energy is harnessed?

Accepted Answer

Commercial food preservation

Answer

Power generation

Answer

Medical imaging and treatment

Answer

Space exploration

Question 28

In a nuclear reactor, the purpose of a moderator is to:

Accepted Answer

Slow down neutrons to increase the likelihood of nuclear reactions

Answer

Absorb neutrons to prevent uncontrolled chain reactions

Answer

Increase the energy of neutrons to enhance reaction efficiency

Answer

Control the rate of the chain reaction through neutron absorption

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a type of nuclear reaction?

Accepted Answer

Electrolysis

Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Radioactive decay

Question 30

What is the process by which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fission

Answer

Nuclear fusion

Answer

Beta decay

Answer

Alpha decay

Question 31

In nuclear reactors, which primary method is used to control nuclear chain reactions?

Accepted Answer

Using control rods to absorb neutrons

Answer

Adjusting fuel concentration in the reactor core

Answer

Manipulating the reactor core's temperature

Question 32

What is a significant disadvantage of nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

Costly waste disposal

Answer

Plentiful fuel availability

Answer

Minimal carbon emissions

Answer

Dependable and continuous energy supply

Question 33

In a nuclear reactor, which component is responsible for controlling the pace of nuclear reactions?

Accepted Answer

Control rods

Answer

Fuel rods

Answer

Coolant

Question 34

Which of the following best describes a radioisotope?

Accepted Answer

An isotope with an unstable nucleus

Answer

An isotope with a stable nucleus

Answer

An isotope with a high neutron-to-proton ratio

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a common application of nuclear chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing cosmetics

Answer

Medical imaging

Answer

Radioactive dating

Answer

Materials analysis

Question 36

The process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei is called:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear Fission

Answer

Nuclear Transmutation

Answer

Nuclear Fusion

Answer

Nuclear Decay

Question 37

The process in which two or more light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus is called:

Accepted Answer

Nuclear Fusion

Answer

Nuclear Fission

Answer

Nuclear Transmutation

Answer

Nuclear Decay

Question 38

What is the primary fuel used in nuclear fission power plants?

Accepted Answer

Uranium-235

Answer

Uranium-238

Answer

Thorium-232

Answer

Plutonium-239

Question 39

Which of the following is a potential benefit of nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

It is a low-carbon source of energy.

Answer

It is a safe and accident-free technology.

Answer

It is a renewable source of energy.

Answer

It is the most cost-effective source of energy.

Question 40

What is the main purpose of a nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

To control and sustain a nuclear chain reaction.

Answer

To store nuclear waste.

Answer

To produce electricity.

Answer

To convert uranium into plutonium.

Question 41

Which of the following is a type of radiation emitted during nuclear reactions?

Accepted Answer

Alpha radiation

Answer

Ultraviolet radiation

Answer

Visible light

Question 42

What is the unit used to measure the amount of radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

Sievert (Sv)

Answer

Becquerel (Bq)

Answer

Joule (J)

Answer

Gray (Gy)

Question 43

Nuclear fission occurs when a heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. Which of the following is the process that produces heavier nuclei by combining two lighter nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear Fusion

Answer

Nuclear Transmutation

Answer

Beta Emission

Answer

Nuclear Decay

Question 44

In a nuclear fusion reaction, two lighter nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus and release energy. Which of the following is a fundamental principle that remains conserved throughout this process?

Accepted Answer

Mass-Energy Equivalence (E=mc²)

Answer

Neutron-Proton Ratio

Answer

Kinetic Energy

Answer

Nuclear Charge

Question 45

In nuclear reactors, which isotope of uranium is commonly utilized as a fuel due to its ability to sustain a chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

U-235

Answer

Pu-239

Answer

Th-232

Answer

U-238

Question 46

In a nuclear reactor, which component plays a crucial role in regulating the rate of nuclear reactions by absorbing neutrons?

Accepted Answer

Control Rods

Answer

Coolant

Answer

Fuel Rods

Answer

Moderator

Question 47

Nuclear energy production involves certain potential risks. Which of the following is a primary concern related to nuclear power plants?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive Waste Management

Answer

Deforestation

Answer

Carbon Emissions

Answer

Water Pollution

Question 48

Radiation can have varying effects on biological tissue. Which type of radiation is known for its high energy and ability to penetrate deeply, making it particularly harmful to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Gamma Rays

Answer

Alpha Particles

Answer

Beta Particles

Question 49

In a nuclear reactor, the purpose of a moderator is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce the Energy of Neutrons

Answer

Reflect Neutrons

Answer

Capture Excess Energy

Answer

Increase the Energy of Neutrons

Question 50

Radioactivity is a measure of the rate of decay of radioactive isotopes. Which of the following units is used to quantify radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

Becquerel (Bq)

Answer

Gray (Gy)

Answer

Roentgen (R)

Answer

Sievert (Sv)