Nervous System Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of the central nervous system, but NOT the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Higher-level cognitive functions

Answer

Sensory information transmission

Answer

Motor function control

Question 2

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

Insulates the axon, facilitating faster signal transmission

Answer

Provides nutritional support to the neuron

Answer

Protects the neuron from physical damage

Answer

Transmits signals from the neuron to other cells

Question 3

Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Glial cell

Question 4

What is the physiological process underlying the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization and repolarization of the neuron's membrane

Answer

Diffusion of ions across the neuron's membrane

Answer

Chemical release of neurotransmitters

Answer

Pumping of ions across the neuron's membrane

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Processing of language

Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Maintenance of balance and equilibrium

Answer

Regulation of emotions

Question 6

What is the role of the hippocampus in memory formation?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new memories

Answer

Long-term storage of memories

Answer

Retrieval of memories from storage

Answer

Encoding of memories into a usable format

Question 7

Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for preparing the body for action and increasing heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 8

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Relaying sensory and motor signals between the brain and the body

Answer

Controlling reflexes

Answer

Storing long-term memories

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 9

Ion channels are essential for synaptic transmission. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the flow of ions across the neuronal membrane, influencing its electrical excitability

Answer

Allowing neurotransmitters to enter the synaptic cleft

Answer

Synthesizing neurotransmitters

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Nerves

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 11

Which region of the brain serves as the integration center for conscious thought, controls voluntary movement, and forms the basis of personality?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brain stem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 12

During synaptic transmission, the propagation of the neuronal signal across the synaptic gap is mediated by:

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Action potentials

Answer

Synaptic vesicles

Answer

Receptors

Question 13

The resting electrical potential of a neuron is primarily maintained by:

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer

Chloride channels

Answer

Voltage-gated calcium channels

Answer

Leakage channels

Question 14

Which of the following classifications encompasses both sensory and motor neurons?

Accepted Answer

Mixed nerve

Answer

Somatic nerve

Answer

Autonomic nerve

Answer

Cranial nerve

Question 15

Which brain structure plays a critical role in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 16

The primary protective structure enclosing the spinal cord is:

Accepted Answer

Vertebral column

Answer

Cranium

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 17

Which of the following processes or activities is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Digestive processes

Answer

Sensory perception

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Response to stimuli

Question 18

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems generally exhibit:

Accepted Answer

Opposing effects on target organs

Answer

Cooperative effects on target organs

Answer

Neutralizing effects on target organs

Answer

Identical effects on target organs

Question 19

The electrical signal transmitted by nerve cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily responsible for excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 21

The region of the brain responsible for higher-level cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision-making is the:

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 22

Which of the following brain structures is involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 23

The membrane potential of a neuron is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Ion concentrations

Answer

Voltage-gated ion channels

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Hormones

Question 24

The fundamental unit of the nervous system that communicates via electrical and chemical signals is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Question 25

Which signal propagates along the axon of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Answer

Resting potential

Answer

Synaptic potential

Answer

Graded potential

Question 26

Excitatory synaptic transmission is primarily facilitated by which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 27

Which component is not included in the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Midbrain

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 28

A characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system is:

Accepted Answer

Increased blood pressure

Answer

Decreased heart rate

Answer

Stimulation of the digestive system

Answer

Relaxation of the bladder

Question 29

Which neuroimaging technique measures brain activity by detecting alterations in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 30

A primary function of the spinal cord is:

Accepted Answer

Reflex control

Answer

Motor coordination

Answer

Emotional processing

Answer

Language comprehension

Question 31

Which neurodegenerative disorder involves the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 32

Which neuroimaging technique directly measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

EEG

Answer

MEG

Question 33

Which of the following is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrating and processing sensory information

Answer

Storing and retrieving memories

Answer

Controlling involuntary movements

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 34

The basic functional unit of the nervous system that transmits electrical signals is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glia

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 35

Which brain region is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 36

The electrical signal that travels along an axon is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Action potential

Answer

Graded potential

Answer

Neurotransmitter

Answer

Synaptic potential

Question 37

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting sensory information to and from the brain and controlling motor responses.

Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

Regulating endocrine function

Question 38

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary motor control?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Question 39

Which of the following brain structures is the largest?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 40

Which brain region is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as planning and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe