Social Psychology and Business: Master Workplace and Consumer Behavior

Question 1

According to social identity theory, individuals define their self-concept primarily based on:

Accepted Answer

Group memberships

Answer

Personal attributes

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Answer

Culture

Question 2

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where:

Accepted Answer

Performance improves solely due to increased attention

Answer

Productivity increases because of improved working conditions

Answer

Employees become less motivated when given negative feedback

Answer

Absenteeism decreases in response to job satisfaction

Question 3

The concept of obedience to authority is best exemplified by:

Accepted Answer

Milgram's obedience experiment

Answer

Asch's conformity experiment

Answer

Stanford prison experiment

Answer

Rosenberg's self-esteem theory

Question 4

The bystander effect is most likely to occur in situations where:

Accepted Answer

There are many witnesses present

Answer

The victim is in immediate danger

Answer

Help is easily accessible

Answer

The bystander feels a strong sense of responsibility

Question 5

In social psychology, which of these primarily influences consumer behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social factors like group norms

Answer

Individual personality traits

Answer

Economic conditions

Answer

Product availability

Question 6

In a social context, which of these is NOT a primary influence on consumer behavior?

Accepted Answer

Random chance

Answer

Social norms

Answer

Celebrity endorsements

Answer

Peer pressure

Question 7

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of social influence that involves aligning one's behavior with the actions of others?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Persuasion

Answer

Compliance

Question 8

Which psychological principle emphasizes the theory that people strive to maintain consistency between their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Expectancy-value theory

Question 9

Which type of cognitive bias is characterized by the tendency to seek information that confirms our existing beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 10

Social loafing primarily aims to achieve which objective?

Accepted Answer

Reduce individual effort in group tasks

Answer

Enhance group cohesion and productivity

Answer

Increase the perceived value of one's contribution

Answer

Avoid responsibility for negative outcomes

Question 11

Social identity theory emphasizes how individuals' self-concept is shaped by their membership in social groups. Which of the following is a key implication of this theory in the workplace?

Accepted Answer

Creating a sense of belonging and purpose

Answer

Increasing competition and status-seeking behaviors

Answer

Reducing the need for extrinsic rewards

Answer

Promoting a pessimistic view of the organization

Question 12

Distinguish between attribution theory and social identity theory. Which of the following statements accurately highlights their primary difference?

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory explains why we attribute behavior to ourselves or others, while social identity theory explains how social groups influence our self-concept.

Answer

Attribution theory focuses on internal factors, while social identity theory focuses on external factors.

Answer

Social identity theory focuses on individual behavior, while attribution theory focuses on group behavior.

Answer

There is no key difference between these theories.

Question 13

According to social identity theory, individuals:

Accepted Answer

Demonstrate both A and B.

Answer

Establish their sense of self based on their membership in social groups.

Answer

Adhere to group norms as a means of avoiding social rejection.

Answer

Engage in competition with other groups to acquire resources and status.

Question 14

Which of the following factors does NOT influence workplace dynamics, according to social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Temperature of the work environment

Answer

Cohesiveness of work teams

Answer

Leadership approaches adopted by managers

Answer

Level of competition within the workplace

Question 15

The foot-in-the-door technique, a persuasion strategy, involves:

Accepted Answer

Making an initial request that is small and easy to comply with, which increases the likelihood of compliance with a larger request later on.

Answer

Constructing a persuasive argument based on logical reasoning and evidence.

Answer

Employing emotional appeals to evoke empathy and increase compliance.

Answer

Providing rewards or incentives in exchange for desired behavior.

Question 16

Which social psychological principle is commonly applied in marketing to influence consumer behavior by creating a sense of social validation?

Accepted Answer

Social proof

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Conformity

Question 17

According to social identity theory, individuals identify with groups and strive to enhance their:

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem

Answer

Social status

Answer

Financial gain

Answer

Political power

Question 18

What is the term for the discrepancy between an individual's self-perception and their perceived image in the eyes of others?

Accepted Answer

Self-discrepancy

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social comparison

Answer

Identity salience

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of organizational culture?

Accepted Answer

To establish a shared set of values, beliefs, and norms

Answer

To increase profitability

Answer

To reduce employee turnover

Answer

To improve customer satisfaction

Question 20

How can group dynamics influence business decisions?

Accepted Answer

Groupthink can lead to poor decisions in close-knit groups.

Answer

Groups are always more efficient than individuals in decision-making.

Answer

Groups always make more creative decisions than individuals.

Question 21

Which social psychological principle emphasizes the importance of group membership and identity in shaping workplace dynamics?

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Attitude formation and change

Answer

Social loafing

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 22

The primary objective of neuromarketing is to understand:

Accepted Answer

Unconscious decision-making processes of consumers

Answer

Emotional appeals in marketing campaigns

Answer

Online consumer behavior

Answer

Changing consumer needs

Question 23

Which ethical concern is NOT associated with the application of social psychology in business?

Accepted Answer

Encouragement of positive behaviors

Answer

Exploitation of vulnerable populations

Answer

Manipulation of consumers

Answer

Promotion of harmful products

Question 24

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, when individuals are highly motivated and have the capacity to process information, they tend to engage in:

Accepted Answer

Central route processing

Answer

Peripheral route processing

Answer

Heuristic processing

Answer

Automatic processing

Question 25

The purpose of conducting a focus group in market research is to:

Accepted Answer

Collect qualitative data on consumer perceptions and attitudes

Answer

Measure the effectiveness of new marketing campaigns

Answer

Obtain a representative sample of the target population

Answer

Gather data on demographics and spending habits

Question 26

The primary goal of social influence in a business context is to:

Accepted Answer

Inspire others to adopt desired actions

Answer

Strengthen relationships

Answer

Boost self-esteem

Answer

Reduce uncertainty

Question 27

In social psychology, which concept explains how we make inferences about others' thoughts and emotions?

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Impression management

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 28

In the workplace context, which factor is known to significantly influence employee motivation?

Accepted Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Social identity

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social loafing

Question 29

The theory of planned behavior is specifically designed to predict:

Accepted Answer

Specific human behaviors

Answer

General attitudes

Answer

Subconscious motivations

Answer

Long-term life goals

Question 30

Which research method is predominantly used in social psychology to study group dynamics?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Answer

Experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Case study

Question 31

What is the core concept of social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

Individuals define their self-concept based on group memberships

Answer

Individuals strive to maintain a positive self-image

Answer

Individuals conform to group norms

Answer

Individuals are influenced by social roles

Question 32

Which of the following is considered an ineffective communication practice in business settings?

Accepted Answer

Emotional language

Answer

Clarity and specificity

Answer

Active listening

Answer

Conciseness

Question 33

What is the primary purpose of using attribution theory in organizational settings?

Accepted Answer

Understand employee behaviors and motivations

Answer

Predict future job performance

Answer

Reduce interpersonal conflicts

Answer

Improve employee well-being

Question 34

Which ethical principle is of utmost importance when conducting research with human participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Replication

Question 35

The primary goal of applying social psychology to business is to:

Accepted Answer

Understand and influence human behavior

Answer

Increase profits

Answer

Improve employee well-being

Answer

Develop innovative products

Question 36

Which concept is central to understanding the phenomenon of social loafing in group settings?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social identity

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 37

In organizational change management, which consideration is essential when applying social psychology principles effectively?

Accepted Answer

Addressing employee resistance and fostering buy-in

Answer

Relying heavily on social media for change communication

Answer

Focusing solely on individual traits and motivations

Answer

Ignoring the impact of organizational culture on change management

Question 38

According to Social Identity Theory, individuals primarily define their self-concept by:

Accepted Answer

Comparing themselves to others within their social groups

Answer

Seeking constant validation from external sources

Answer

Focusing solely on their unique qualities

Question 39

The Hawthorne effect highlights the influential role of:

Accepted Answer

Social context on individual behavior

Answer

Researcher bias in shaping participants' responses

Answer

Ethical concerns in psychological research

Question 40

Attribution theory suggests that we explain the behavior of others by considering:

Accepted Answer

Both internal and external factors

Answer

External factors (e.g., situation, environment)

Answer

Internal factors (e.g., personality, intentions)

Answer

Intention alone

Question 41

A significant drawback of groupthink in organizational decision-making is that it:

Accepted Answer

Suppresses dissenting opinions and promotes conformity

Answer

Enhances team cohesiveness and unity

Answer

Fosters creative thinking and innovative solutions

Question 42

An example of implicit bias in the workplace is:

Accepted Answer

Unconsciously preferring candidates from similar backgrounds during hiring

Answer

Evaluating performance based solely on objective criteria

Answer

Providing equal opportunities for advancement to all employees

Question 43

To reduce social loafing in team settings, it is recommended to:

Accepted Answer

Clearly define individual responsibilities and provide regular feedback

Answer

Increase the size of the team to distribute workload

Answer

Hire only highly self-motivated individuals

Question 44

A crucial ethical consideration in social psychological research on organizations involves:

Accepted Answer

Protecting the privacy and confidentiality of participants

Answer

Withholding information from participants to avoid bias

Answer

Prioritizing the researcher's interests over participant welfare

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of social psychology applied to business?

Accepted Answer

Financial incentives are the only way to influence employee motivation.

Answer

Social norms influence workplace behavior.

Answer

Cognitive biases impact decision-making.

Question 46

A manager using a distributed leadership style would most likely:

Accepted Answer

Empower employees by delegating authority.

Answer

Create a highly competitive work environment.

Answer

Make all decisions unilaterally.

Answer

Avoid involving employees in decision-making.

Question 47

According to social identity theory, what is a primary motivation for employees?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a positive self-image and social status.

Answer

To avoid negative consequences.

Answer

To maximize financial gain.

Question 48

Which technique can be used to reduce groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Assigning a 'devil's advocate' role to challenge assumptions.

Answer

Encouraging group brainstorming without critical evaluation.

Answer

Relying solely on majority vote.

Answer

Suppressing dissenting opinions.

Question 49

The Hawthorne effect demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

Employees' behavior can be influenced by external factors, such as observation.

Answer

Employees are always motivated by financial incentives.

Answer

Increased supervision leads to decreased productivity.

Question 50

A key ethical consideration in applying social psychology to business includes:

Accepted Answer

Protecting the privacy and well-being of employees and consumers.

Answer

Ignoring the ethical implications of psychological techniques.

Answer

Prioritizing profit maximization regardless of potential harm.

Answer

Using psychological techniques to manipulate individuals without their consent.

Question 51

Conformity in the workplace is most likely to occur when:

Accepted Answer

There is strong group cohesion and a clear consensus.

Answer

Individuals have strong self-identities and are resistant to social influence.

Answer

The task is highly ambiguous and complex.

Answer

The group is diverse and encourages individual expression.

Question 52

An effective technique for improving employee engagement involves:

Accepted Answer

Providing opportunities for meaningful and fulfilling work.

Answer

Offering high salaries and bonuses as the primary motivator.

Answer

Micromanaging employees and closely monitoring their activities.

Question 53

The social loafing effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

Individuals exerting less effort when working in a group compared to working alone.

Answer

Individuals becoming more productive when working collaboratively.

Answer

Groups being inherently more productive than individuals.