Space Complexity and Trade-offs: Master Algorithm Efficiency

Question 1

Which algorithm has a space complexity of O(1)?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Bubble sort

Answer

Insertion sort

Answer

Merge sort

Question 2

An algorithm stores each element of an array in a linked list. What is the space complexity of this data structure?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Question 3

Consider two algorithms with time complexities O(n^2) and O(n log n), respectively. Which algorithm is more susceptible to encountering memory issues when dealing with large input sizes?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n log n)

Question 4

What is a key advantage of employing space-efficient algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Reduced memory consumption

Answer

Enhanced scalability

Answer

Improved security

Answer

Faster execution

Question 5

Which data structure typically requires the least amount of memory?

Accepted Answer

Linked list

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 6

Which algorithm has a space complexity of O(n) when searching for an element in an array?

Accepted Answer

Linear search

Answer

Binary search

Answer

Heap sort

Answer

Quick sort

Question 7

When a recursive function calls itself n times, what is its space complexity?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 8

What is the asymptotic space complexity of an algorithm that allocates memory proportional to the square of the input size?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Question 9

Which of the following is not a valid measure of space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Time taken to execute the algorithm

Answer

Big O Notation

Answer

Number of input elements

Answer

Worst-case analysis

Question 10

An algorithm with space complexity of O(n) processes:

Accepted Answer

A linear number of elements

Answer

A constant number of elements

Answer

A quadratic number of elements

Answer

An exponential number of elements

Question 11

Which trade-off is often taken into account when designing algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Time versus Space

Answer

Accuracy versus Precision

Answer

Simplicity versus Efficiency

Answer

Robustness versus Flexibility

Question 12

When faced with two algorithms with similar time complexities, which factor influences the preferred choice?

Accepted Answer

Lower space complexity

Answer

Higher space complexity

Answer

Better average-case time complexity

Answer

Easier implementation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a technique commonly used to optimize space complexity in algorithm design?

Accepted Answer

Eager Evaluation

Answer

Memoization

Answer

In-place Operations

Question 14

Consider the algorithm: for i = 1 to n, for j = 1 to n, sum += i * j. What is its space complexity?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^3)

Question 15

Which of the following operations on a binary tree would inflate its space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Inserting a node at the root

Answer

Deleting a leaf node

Answer

Finding the height of the tree

Answer

Traversing the tree in breadth-first order

Question 16

Which of these data structures is preferable for storing a sequence of values that will be accessed sequentially, considering space efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Question 17

Which factor does NOT significantly impact an algorithm's space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Output size

Answer

Input size

Answer

Recursion depth

Answer

Branching factor

Question 18

Consider the code snippet: int[] arr = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { arr[i] = i; }. What is its space complexity?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log(n))

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the auxiliary space complexity of a recursive algorithm?

Accepted Answer

The extra memory needed by the algorithm, excluding its input size.

Answer

The total memory needed by the algorithm, including input and output space.

Answer

The memory required only for the algorithm's input data.

Answer

The memory needed to store the algorithm's output.

Question 20

What is the space complexity of inserting a new integer into a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 21

Which data structure offers constant space complexity for search operations?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Stack

Question 22

In the context of space complexity, what is the key difference between static and dynamic memory allocation?

Accepted Answer

Static memory allocation occurs at compile-time, while dynamic allocation occurs at runtime.

Answer

Dynamic memory allocation occurs at compile-time, while static allocation occurs at runtime.

Answer

Static memory allocation is based on program size, while dynamic allocation is based on user input.

Answer

Dynamic memory allocation is based on program size, while static allocation is based on user input.

Question 23

Which trade-off should be considered when optimizing an algorithm's space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Time efficiency

Answer

Accuracy

Answer

Code readability

Answer

Algorithm simplicity

Question 24

When might it be appropriate to use a data structure with higher space complexity for improved time complexity?

Accepted Answer

When memory is abundant and time is critical

Answer

When the input dataset is small

Answer

When the algorithm will be executed only a few times

Answer

When code readability is more important than efficiency

Question 25

Which scenario demands an algorithm with minimal space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Processing an extensive dataset on a device with limited resources

Answer

Searching for a specific element in a small array

Answer

Sorting a large number of items in descending order

Answer

Compressing a large file for storage

Question 26

Consider an algorithm that builds a binary search tree from a sorted array. Which optimization could reduce the space complexity of this algorithm?

Accepted Answer

Using a balanced binary tree instead of an unbalanced binary tree

Answer

Using an array instead of a tree to store the elements

Answer

Using a skip list instead of a binary search tree

Answer

Using a hash table instead of a binary search tree

Question 27

Which sorting algorithm typically requires more auxiliary space? Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Insertion Sort

Answer

Both algorithms require the same auxiliary space.

Answer

The space requirement depends on the input array's size.

Question 28

An algorithm with space complexity O(1) is commonly referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

Constant Space Algorithm

Answer

Linear Space Algorithm

Answer

Quadratic Space Algorithm

Answer

Exponential Space Algorithm

Question 29

Which technique effectively reduces the space complexity of recursive algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Utilizing memoization

Answer

Replacing recursion with iteration

Answer

Enlarging the call stack

Answer

Minimizing the number of parameters in the recursive call

Question 30

An algorithm that identifies the maximum value in an array of integers exhibits a space complexity of:

Accepted Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log n)

Question 31

Which data structure is optimal for implementing a last-in, first-out (LIFO) behavior while maintaining constant space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Tree

Question 32

An algorithm traverses a singly linked list of length 'n' and stores the data in an array. What is the asymptotic space complexity of this algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 33

Which of the following data structures has the best space complexity for storing a large number of elements?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Binary tree

Answer

Stack

Question 34

Consider an algorithm that takes an array of n elements as input and iterates through each element one time. What is the space complexity of this algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log n)

Question 35

What is the space complexity of the following algorithm: while(n > 1) { n = n / 2; }?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 36

Consider an algorithm that performs a linear search on a sorted array. What is the best-case space complexity of this algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential advantage of using a data structure with a higher space complexity?

Accepted Answer

Faster execution time

Answer

Reduced memory usage

Answer

Increased code readability

Answer

Improved security

Question 38

Which algorithm has a time complexity of O(n^2) and a space complexity of O(1)?

Accepted Answer

Bubble sort

Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Quick sort

Answer

Binary search

Question 39

What is the space complexity of a recursive function that invokes itself k times on a problem of size n?

Accepted Answer

O(nk)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(k)

Answer

O(log n)

Question 40

Consider an array of size n. Which of the following operations has a worst-case space complexity of O(n)?

Accepted Answer

Reversing the array in place

Answer

Searching for an element

Answer

Inserting an element at a specific index

Answer

Deleting an element from the end

Question 41

What is the space complexity of a balanced binary tree with n nodes?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 42

Which data structure supports both constant time insertion and deletion operations?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Queue

Answer

Stack

Answer

Binary search tree

Question 43

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of optimizing an algorithm for space efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Increased time complexity

Answer

Decreased code readability

Answer

Increased memory usage

Answer

Reduced algorithm accuracy

Question 44

Which data structure offers the best space complexity for storing a large number of unique elements?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Binary tree

Question 45

Which sorting algorithm typically requires additional space proportional to the input size?

Accepted Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Bubble sort

Answer

Quick sort

Answer

Insertion sort

Question 46

True or False: Space complexity analysis is always more important than time complexity analysis.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 47

In the context of a hash table, what is the purpose of a load factor?

Accepted Answer

To determine when rehashing is necessary based on the number of elements stored

Answer

To calculate the average number of elements per bucket

Answer

To indicate the size of the hash table

Answer

To measure the time complexity of insertion operations

Question 48

Consider the following trade-off in algorithm design: increased memory usage may result in faster execution time. Which of the following correctly describes this trade-off?

Accepted Answer

Time-space trade-off

Answer

Space-time trade-off

Answer

Efficiency-simplicity trade-off

Answer

Accuracy-speed trade-off

Question 49

Which data structure is most appropriate for storing a large set of key-value pairs, where efficient retrieval by key is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Tree

Question 50

Consider a binary tree with n nodes. What is the space complexity of performing an inorder traversal of the tree?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 51

Which action generally increases the space complexity of an algorithm?

Accepted Answer

Storing additional intermediate values

Answer

Using a more efficient sorting algorithm

Answer

Reducing the number of loops

Answer

Replacing recursion with iteration

Question 52

In a singly linked list, each node occupies a constant amount of space. If the linked list contains n nodes, what is its space complexity?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(log n)