Introduction to Ethics in Computing: A Comprehensive Guide for Students

Question 1

Which concept is **NOT** part of Kant's Categorical Imperative?

Accepted Answer

Reversibility

Answer

Universalizability

Answer

Goodwill

Answer

Humanity as an End-in-Itself

Question 2

In ethical decision-making, which principle is the cornerstone of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right if they bring the most happiness and least harm to everyone involved.

Answer

Actions are right if they follow established moral rules, no matter the outcome.

Answer

Actions are right if they develop good character traits, regardless of immediate results.

Answer

Actions are right if they maximize personal pleasure and minimize pain, even if it harms others.

Question 3

In deontological ethical theories, the ethical value of an action is determined primarily by its:

Accepted Answer

Adherence to moral rules

Answer

Consequences

Answer

Intention of the actor

Answer

Cultural context

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Epistemology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 5

In Kantian ethics, what is the primary factor that determines whether an action is moral?

Accepted Answer

Performing the action solely out of duty

Answer

The consequences of the action

Answer

The action maximizing happiness for the majority

Answer

The action conforming to societal norms

Question 6

An ethical dilemma is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A conflict between two or more morally acceptable actions

Accepted Answer

The need to consider ethical principles and values

Answer

A lack of right or wrong answers

Answer

Easy identification

Question 7

A key aspect of ethical decision-making involves:

Accepted Answer

Weighing potential benefits and potential harms to stakeholders

Answer

Prioritizing personal preferences over ethical principles

Answer

Uncritically accepting societal norms as ethical guidelines

Answer

Ensuring the absence of any negative consequences, regardless of the situation

Question 8

Which ethical theory focuses on the outcomes of actions rather than the intentions behind them?

Accepted Answer

Teleology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Kantian Ethics

Question 9

In teleological ethical theory, what is the primary goal of an action considered morally right?

Accepted Answer

Produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer

Fulfill one's moral duty

Answer

Develop virtuous character traits

Answer

Prevent harm to individuals or society

Question 10

In ethical decision-making, the main principle of utilitarianism is to:

Accepted Answer

Maximize overall well-being for the most people

Answer

Follow universal moral rules

Answer

Protect individual rights and freedoms

Answer

Develop good character and integrity

Question 11

In deontological ethics, which aspect is NOT a primary factor in determining the morality of an action?

Accepted Answer

The consequences of the action

Answer

The inherent rightness or wrongness of the action

Answer

The intention behind the action

Answer

The universalizability of the action

Question 12

In computing ethics, which theory prioritizes the cultivation of virtues and character traits?

Accepted Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Egoism

Question 13

In ethical decision-making, what is the primary basis for making moral judgments?

Accepted Answer

Ethical Principles

Answer

Personal Values

Answer

Cultural Norms

Answer

Intuition

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental ethical principle in computing?

Accepted Answer

Profitability

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Responsibility

Answer

Transparency

Question 15

In Utilitarianism, what's the key principle?

Accepted Answer

Judging actions only by their results

Answer

Following strict moral rules

Answer

Guiding actions by traits like honesty

Answer

Putting personal interests first

Question 16

In Kant's categorical imperative, which concept ensures that an action can be universally adopted as a law without contradiction?

Accepted Answer

Universalizability

Answer

Goodwill

Answer

Respect for humanity

Answer

Reversibility

Question 17

How do ethics and law interact?

Accepted Answer

Ethics and law can sometimes conflict.

Answer

Ethics and law are the same.

Answer

Ethics should always come before the law.

Answer

The law should always come before ethics.

Question 18

Which ethical theory is not covered in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a core ethical theory introduced in this unit?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT considered a core ethical principle in computing?

Accepted Answer

Efficiency

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 21

What is a defining characteristic of deontology?

Accepted Answer

Universal moral rules determine rightness or wrongness.

Answer

Consequences of actions determine rightness or wrongness.

Answer

Virtues and character traits guide ethical decisions.

Answer

Greatest good for the greatest number determines rightness.

Question 22

Which ethical theory prioritizes the outcomes of actions, aiming to maximize overall happiness or well-being for all involved individuals?

Accepted Answer

Teleology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Absolutism

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a recognized ethical theory used in ethical reasoning in computing?

Accepted Answer

Common sense

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 24

Which ethical theory emphasizes the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, irrespective of their consequences?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 25

Which key concept is central to Kant's ethical theory, also known as deontology?

Accepted Answer

Universalizability

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Egoism

Question 26

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being as the primary measure of an action's ethical value?

Accepted Answer

Teleology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Social Contract Theory

Question 27

In Immanuel Kant's ethical theory, which of these is a key factor in making ethical decisions?

Accepted Answer

The action's rule can be applied to all rational beings.

Answer

The action brings the most pleasure or happiness.

Answer

The action aligns with personal beliefs and values.

Question 28

Which concept is NOT a core principle of Kantian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Consequentialist approach

Answer

Autonomy of the individual

Answer

Categorical Imperative

Answer

Good Will

Question 29

Which ethical theory in computing ethics focuses on maximizing overall well-being and happiness?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 30

According to Kantian ethics, which fundamental principle should guide ethical actions?

Accepted Answer

The action should be universally applicable as a maxim for all rational beings.

Answer

The potential consequences of the action should be considered.

Answer

The action should be motivated by a desire for personal gain.

Answer

The action should conform to societal norms and customs.

Question 31

In the realm of Artificial Intelligence, what ethical dilemma arises from the potential for AI systems to exhibit bias and discrimination against certain societal groups?

Accepted Answer

Fairness and equality in AI decision-making

Answer

Privacy versus innovation

Answer

Job displacement due to AI automation

Answer

Responsibility for AI actions and outcomes

Question 32

In the realm of computing ethics, which principle emphasizes that individuals should retain control over their personal data and its usage?

Accepted Answer

Data Privacy

Answer

Inclusivity

Answer

Transparency

Question 33

In teleology, the morality of an action is primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Its potential to maximize overall well-being or minimize harm

Answer

Its adherence to universal moral principles

Answer

The virtues of the individual performing the action

Answer

Its alignment with cultural norms and traditions

Question 34

Which ethical theory prioritizes the well-being of the majority and determines the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarian Theory

Answer

Deontological Theory

Answer

Virtue Ethics Theory

Question 35

In professional computing ethics, which characteristic distinguishes a virtuous action?

Accepted Answer

Conforms to widely accepted ethical principles

Answer

Prioritizes personal benefit over others' well-being

Answer

Relies solely on emotions and feelings

Question 36

Which ethical theory prioritizes adhering to universal moral principles that apply to all rational beings, irrespective of personal preferences or outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Pragmatism

Question 37

Which action violates intellectual property rights in computing?

Accepted Answer

Using copyrighted code without permission

Answer

Developing proprietary software based on open-source code, following the license terms

Answer

Patenting an original algorithm developed through independent research

Question 38

Which ethical theory focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, independent of their outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 39

Which ethical principle emphasizes the paramount importance of societal well-being and the public interest as a core obligation for computing professionals?

Accepted Answer

Social Responsibility

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Accountability

Question 40

In AI systems, what ethical concern stems from the potential for biased decision-making that could unequally affect different societal groups?

Accepted Answer

Algorithmic bias and discrimination

Answer

Algorithmic transparency

Answer

Human-AI interaction ethics

Answer

Privacy and data protection

Question 41

Which ethical theory prioritizes the principle of duty, considering actions as inherently right or wrong regardless of their outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Answer

Situation Ethics

Question 42

When AI systems are used in critical areas like healthcare or finance, what ethical concerns arise due to the potential impact of their decisions on individuals?

Accepted Answer

Ethical guidelines and regulations are necessary to ensure responsible and transparent use of AI systems.

Answer

AI systems should prioritize efficiency and accuracy, even if it means overlooking biases or unintended consequences.

Answer

AI systems should not be subject to ethical scrutiny because they merely reflect the values of their creators.

Question 43

Which principle of Kant's Categorical Imperative emphasizes that our actions should be guided by rules we would want everyone to follow?

Accepted Answer

Universalization of Moral Principles

Answer

Maximizing Happiness for the Majority

Answer

Preventing Harm to Others

Question 44

Which ethical theory emphasizes following moral obligations, regardless of the consequences?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Egoism

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Emotions

Answer

Values

Answer

Rights

Answer

Consequences

Question 46

What is the most accurate description of the nature of ethics?

Accepted Answer

Ethics involves critical thinking, moral reasoning, and the application of ethical theories to guide actions and decisions.

Answer

Ethics is a set of fixed moral rules that define right and wrong.

Answer

Ethics only applies to personal choices and does not impact society.

Answer

Ethics is subjective and based solely on personal beliefs and cultural norms.

Question 47

Which ethical theory emphasizes developing virtuous character traits to guide ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Teleology

Question 48

Which ethical theory prioritizes the outcomes of an action and aims to maximize overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Teleology

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 49

Emerging technologies, like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and social media, raise ethical concerns. Which statement best reflects the importance of addressing these concerns?

Accepted Answer

It's crucial to examine the potential ethical implications of emerging technologies before they become widely used.

Answer

Emerging technologies pose no ethical dilemmas.

Answer

Ethical principles only apply to older technologies.

Answer

Government regulations alone can resolve ethical issues with emerging technologies.

Question 50

How do emotions and personal experiences typically impact ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Emotions and personal experiences can influence ethical decision-making, but they should be critically evaluated and may need to be adjusted in light of ethical principles and rational analysis.

Answer

Emotions and personal experiences are irrelevant to ethical decision-making.

Answer

Emotions and personal experiences should be the sole basis for ethical decision-making.

Question 51

Which of the following most accurately describes Kantian ethics?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right if they follow universal moral principles that apply to everyone.

Answer

Actions are right if they produce the most good for the most people.

Answer

Actions are right if they are intended to do good.

Answer

Actions are right if they respect the autonomy of individuals.

Question 52

What is the main purpose of engaging in ethical reflection?

Accepted Answer

To encourage critical thinking and dialogue about ethical issues

Answer

To develop a set of universal moral principles

Answer

To provide clear-cut answers to ethical questions

Answer

To promote moral relativism

Question 53

Which of the following is a characteristic of ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

They provide a systematic way of understanding ethical issues.

Answer

They are universally accepted by all cultures.

Answer

They offer definitive solutions to ethical dilemmas.

Answer

They are not subject to change or debate.

Question 54

What ethical principle requires professionals to prioritize the interests of those they serve?

Accepted Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 55

Within the realm of technology companies, what ethical challenge is primarily posed by the practices of data mining and information aggregation?

Accepted Answer

Balancing individual privacy with data-driven innovation

Answer

Ensuring responsible data usage

Answer

Protecting data from cybersecurity threats

Answer

Mitigating bias in data collection and analysis

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT a core ethical theory discussed in this unit on ethics in computing?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue Ethics

Question 57

Precise Definition of Ethics: Which definition encompasses the nature and purpose of ethics most accurately?

Accepted Answer

The study of right and wrong, principles, and values

Answer

The exploration of human behavior patterns

Answer

The examination of factors influencing decision-making

Answer

The analysis of moral dilemmas in daily life

Question 58

Excluding Major Ethical Theory: Which of the following is NOT recognized as a primary ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Natural law theory

Question 59

Core Principle of Utilitarianism: Which principle is fundamental to the utilitarian ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Maximizing overall well-being and happiness

Answer

Adhering to universal moral rules

Answer

Prioritizing individual rights and autonomy

Answer

Striving for personal virtue and perfection

Question 60

How do professional codes of ethics support ethical decision-making in computing?

Accepted Answer

They provide guidelines for ethical conduct.

Answer

They eliminate the need for personal ethical judgment.

Answer

They guarantee ethical behavior in all computing situations.

Answer

They prevent ethical issues from arising in computing.

Question 61

How do the ethics of data collection change depending on the situation?

Accepted Answer

The ethics of data collection depend on the situation, like its purpose, extent, and safety measures.

Answer

Data collection is always wrong, no matter the reason.

Answer

Data collection is only ethical if people agree to be monitored.

Answer

Data collection is always ethical when used by law enforcement.

Question 62

How does moral relativism impact the establishment of universal ethical principles in computing?

Accepted Answer

Moral relativism suggests that ethical principles differ across cultures, making universal principles challenging.

Answer

Moral relativism promotes a single ethical code for all cultures to ensure fairness.

Answer

Moral relativism has no influence on the possibility of creating universal ethical principles in computing.

Answer

Moral relativism offers a framework for developing ethical principles that apply to all cultures.

Question 63

In computing ethics, how does the principle of non-maleficence, which means 'do no harm,' guide decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Prioritize preventing harm over maximizing benefits, even if it affects efficiency or functionality.

Answer

Applies only to intentional actions and not to potential consequences of software design or implementation.

Answer

Irrelevant in computing ethics because software systems cannot cause physical or psychological harm.

Answer

Applicable only to medical ethics and not to computing.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a primary ethical theory used in computing?

Accepted Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics