Security Threats and Countermeasures: Master Cybersecurity Protection

Question 1

Which of the following is a common countermeasure used to protect against phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

Educating users

Answer

Enabling firewalls

Answer

Installing anti-malware software

Answer

Encrypting all data

Question 2

What is the purpose of a firewall?

Accepted Answer

To prevent unauthorized network access

Answer

To scan for and eliminate viruses and malware

Answer

To encrypt data during transmission

Answer

To protect against physical attacks

Question 3

Which of the following software vulnerabilities could lead to a buffer overflow attack?

Accepted Answer

Unbounded array

Answer

Improper input validation

Answer

Unencrypted data storage

Answer

SQL injection

Question 4

What advantage do intrusion detection systems provide?

Accepted Answer

Early detection of potential security breaches

Answer

Complete prevention of unauthorized access

Answer

Automated response to attacks

Answer

Improved network speeds

Question 5

Which of the following describes a social engineering attack?

Accepted Answer

Exploitation of human behavior to obtain unauthorized information or access

Answer

Computer virus spread through social media platforms

Answer

Type of denial of service attack

Answer

Malware used to steal data

Question 6

Which type of malware spreads through email attachments and file downloads, often concealing malicious code within?

Accepted Answer

Trojan horse

Answer

Virus

Answer

Worm

Answer

Rootkit

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a crucial measure to avoid falling victim to phishing attacks?

Accepted Answer

Hovering over links to verify their destinations before clicking

Answer

Providing personal information via email when requested

Answer

Using weak passwords that are easy to guess

Answer

Refraining from installing anti-phishing software

Question 8

What ethical principle underlies the responsible use of personal information collected by organizations?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent, ensuring individuals are aware and approve of data usage

Answer

Confidentiality, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure

Answer

Integrity, maintaining the accuracy and completeness of data

Answer

Accountability, holding organizations responsible for their data handling practices

Question 9

Which type of vulnerability could allow attackers to exploit a system or application by manipulating its inputs?

Accepted Answer

All of the above, representing common system vulnerabilities

Answer

Buffer overflow, caused by exceeding the allocated memory space

Answer

SQL injection, inserting malicious SQL statements into database queries

Answer

Cross-site scripting, injecting malicious code into web pages

Question 10

Which of the following methods is commonly used for user authentication?

Accepted Answer

All of the above, representing different authentication techniques

Answer

Password, requiring a secret combination of characters

Answer

Biometrics, relying on unique physical or behavioral traits

Answer

Token, involving a physical or digital device for verification

Question 11

What is the primary goal of a security audit?

Accepted Answer

Achieving all of the above objectives

Answer

Identifying potential security risks and vulnerabilities within a system

Answer

Evaluating the effectiveness of existing security measures

Answer

Ensuring compliance with industry regulations and standards

Question 12

What is the primary role of incident response in cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Achieving all of the above incident response objectives

Answer

Containing and mitigating the impact of security breaches

Answer

Investigating and analyzing security incidents to identify root causes

Answer

Developing and implementing comprehensive security policies

Question 13

Which of the following countermeasures is primarily used to prevent malware infections?

Accepted Answer

Antivirus software

Answer

Firewalls

Answer

Intrusion detection systems

Answer

Encryption

Question 14

What is the primary ethical obligation of a computer professional upon discovering a security vulnerability in a software program?

Accepted Answer

To report the vulnerability to the responsible entity

Answer

To keep the vulnerability secret to prevent exploitation

Answer

To exploit the vulnerability for personal gain

Answer

To ignore the vulnerability if it does not pose an immediate threat

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of performing vulnerability assessments on computer systems?

Accepted Answer

To identify potential security flaws

Answer

To demonstrate compliance with regulations

Answer

To enhance system performance

Answer

To prevent data loss

Question 16

Which of the following is a key principle of intrusion detection systems?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring network traffic for suspicious activity

Answer

Preventing unauthorized access to systems

Answer

Encrypting sensitive data

Answer

Detecting and responding to malware

Question 17

What is the first critical step in responding to a security breach on a computer system?

Accepted Answer

Containing the breach

Answer

Notifying affected parties

Answer

Investigating the cause

Answer

Implementing countermeasures

Question 18

In responsible computing, which ethical principles are considered fundamental?

Accepted Answer

Respect, Integrity, Accountability

Answer

Honesty, Reliability, Security

Answer

Trust, Privacy, Diligence

Question 19

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of implementing a zero-trust security model.

Accepted Answer

Enhances security by eliminating implicit trust, but may introduce operational complexities.

Answer

Simplifies network management by centralizing access control, but compromises security by trusting all users within the network boundary.

Answer

Reduces the need for network segmentation and firewalls, making security more efficient but potentially less effective.

Question 20

Which type of malware restricts access to a victim's files, demanding payment to restore access?

Accepted Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Spyware

Answer

Adware

Answer

Trojan

Question 21

When a vulnerability allows attackers to run arbitrary code on a system, what is this vulnerability called?

Accepted Answer

Buffer overflow

Answer

Cross-site scripting

Answer

Man-in-the-middle attack

Answer

SQL injection

Question 22

Which countermeasure focuses on educating users to recognize and avoid phishing scams?

Accepted Answer

User education and awareness

Answer

Firewalls

Answer

Intrusion detection systems

Answer

Anti-malware software

Question 23

Which ethical concern involves striking a balance between protecting sensitive information and enabling its legitimate use?

Accepted Answer

Balancing security and privacy

Answer

Data breaches

Answer

Hacking

Answer

Cyberbullying

Question 24

In responsible computing, which practice helps protect against unauthorized access to accounts?

Accepted Answer

Using strong passwords and changing them regularly

Answer

Downloading software from untrusted sources

Answer

Sharing personal information online

Answer

Clicking on every link in an email

Question 25

Which countermeasure involves training employees to identify and resist social engineering tactics used by attackers?

Accepted Answer

Employee training

Answer

Firewalls

Answer

Anti-malware software

Question 26

In cryptography, which attack involves trying a large number of possible keys or passwords to break encryption?

Accepted Answer

Brute force

Answer

SQL injection

Answer

Malware

Answer

Phishing

Question 27

Which best practice in software development helps prevent malicious input from compromising the application?

Accepted Answer

Input validation

Answer

Ignoring security updates

Answer

Storing passwords in plain text

Answer

Using unencrypted communication channels

Question 28

Which type of network security threat involves an attacker intercepting and manipulating communications between two parties?

Accepted Answer

Man-in-the-middle attacks

Answer

Power outages

Answer

Hardware failures