Glandular Epithelium: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

Question 1

Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete their products into ducts connected to the body's surface or internal cavities.

Answer

They secrete their products directly into the bloodstream.

Answer

They have a single layer of epithelial cells.

Answer

They produce hormones.

Question 2

What is the structural and functional unit of an exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Acini

Answer

Islets

Answer

Nephrons

Answer

Glomeruli

Question 3

Which of the following substances is secreted by endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Saliva

Answer

Gastric juice

Answer

Sebum

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Question 5

What is the primary clinical significance associated with apocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They contribute to body odor.

Answer

They produce milk.

Answer

They lubricate the skin.

Answer

They regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 6

Which of the following is a common location for endocrine glands in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidney

Question 7

What is the main function of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulate calcium levels in the body

Answer

Produce insulin

Answer

Control body temperature

Answer

Stimulate red blood cell production

Question 8

Insulin, a hormone involved in glucose regulation, is produced by which gland?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 9

Identify the cell type in a merocrine gland that releases secretions via exocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Serous cell

Answer

Chief cell

Answer

Parietal cell

Answer

Mucous cell

Question 10

Which clinical condition is characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Myxedema

Question 11

Which type of glandular epithelium is responsible for secreting mucus?

Accepted Answer

Mucous epithelium

Answer

Serous epithelium

Answer

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer

Squamous epithelium

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates milk production in mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

Describe the secretion mechanism in holocrine glands.

Accepted Answer

Secretion by cell breakdown

Answer

Secretion by membrane blebbing

Answer

Secretion through a duct

Answer

Secretion by exocytosis

Question 14

Which endocrine gland consists of follicles filled with a colloid containing thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Question 16

Which type of secretion is released by exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Answer

Eccrine

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They release hormones

Answer

They have ducts

Answer

Their secretions are viscous

Answer

They are usually found in the skin

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation

Answer

Lubrication

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Protection

Question 20

Which type of gland is responsible for producing milk?

Accepted Answer

Mammary

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Adrenal

Answer

Thyroid

Question 21

Which of the following is a histological characteristic of serous glands?

Accepted Answer

Electron-dense zymogen granules

Answer

Abundant cytoplasm

Answer

Pale-staining nuclei

Answer

Mucin-filled acini

Question 22

Which type of secretion is released by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Eccrine

Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Question 23

Which of the following is a common clinical significance of exocrine gland dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Gigantism

Question 24

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete their products into ducts

Answer

Produce hormones

Answer

Are always unicellular

Answer

Have no ducts or acini

Question 25

Which type of glandular secretion involves the fusion of secretory vesicles with the cell membrane and direct release of their contents?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine secretion

Answer

Apocrine secretion

Answer

Eccrine secretion

Answer

Holocrine secretion

Question 26

Which gland is responsible for producing insulin?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Salivary glands

Answer

Lacrimal glands

Answer

Adrenal glands

Question 27

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in glandular cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and sorting secretory products

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Storing secretory vesicles

Answer

Transporting ions

Question 28

What are the specialized structures within serous glands that store secretory products called?

Accepted Answer

Granules

Answer

Vesicles

Answer

Crypts

Answer

Acinus

Question 29

Which type of glandular epithelium lines the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Columnar

Answer

Cuboidal

Answer

Squamous

Answer

Stratified

Question 30

Which pathological condition is commonly associated with glandular epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Question 31

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in glandular epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Contract to aid in secretion

Answer

Secrete hormones

Answer

Filter secretory products

Answer

Provide structural support

Question 32

Identify the correct sequence of structures in a secretory unit, starting from the site of secretion and ending at the main duct.

Accepted Answer

Acinus → Intercalated duct → Striated duct → Main duct

Answer

Striated duct → Intercalated duct → Acinus → Main duct

Answer

Main duct → Striated duct → Intercalated duct → Acinus

Answer

Acinus → Main duct → Intercalated duct → Striated duct

Question 33

Which of the following is not a type of exocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Question 34

Merocrine glands release products via:

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Apocrine secretion

Answer

Holocrine secretion

Question 35

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of hormones into the bloodstream

Answer

Presence of ducts

Answer

Merocrine secretion

Answer

Apocrine secretion

Question 36

The pancreas is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Mixed exocrine and endocrine gland

Answer

Exocrine gland only

Answer

Endocrine gland only

Answer

Serous gland

Question 37

The secretion of which hormone is regulated by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 38

The exocrine glands of the stomach primarily secrete:

Accepted Answer

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid

Answer

Bile and pancreatic enzymes

Answer

Mucus

Answer

Hormones

Question 39

Which of the following is a key characteristic of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

They release hormones

Answer

They have ducts

Answer

Their cells are arranged in clusters

Answer

They are always located in the head and neck region

Question 40

Which of the following hormones is produced by the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 41

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Release secretions onto a surface

Answer

Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Produce enzymes involved in digestion

Answer

Stimulated by nerve impulses

Question 42

What is the primary function of endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Release hormones

Answer

Produce digestive enzymes

Answer

Secrete mucus

Answer

Protect against infection

Question 43

Which type of secretion is released by apocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Holocrine

Answer

Eccrine

Question 44

What is the most common type of exocrine gland in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Answer

Apocrine gland

Answer

Holocrine gland

Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Secrete insulin

Answer

Regulate growth and development

Answer

Stimulate thyroid hormone production

Answer

Control lactation

Question 46

Which microscopic technique is commonly used to visualize glandular epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Transmission electron microscopy

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

In situ hybridization

Question 47

What is the name of the hormone produced by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 48

Which of the following is a key characteristic of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of products through specialized ducts

Answer

Composition solely of one cell type

Answer

Production of hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer

Exclusive presence within the digestive system

Question 49

Which type of glandular secretion involves the release of the entire cell?

Accepted Answer

Holocrine

Answer

Merocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Apocrine

Question 50

Identify an example of an endocrine gland:

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Mammary gland

Answer

Salivary gland

Question 51

What is the primary function of acinar cells in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer

Hormonal secretion

Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Production of bile

Question 52

What is the main purpose of mucous glands?

Accepted Answer

Protection and lubrication of surfaces

Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer

Regulation of blood pressure

Answer

Control of metabolism

Question 53

Which glands are responsible for producing and releasing saliva?

Accepted Answer

Salivary glands

Answer

Sebaceous glands

Answer

Mammary glands

Answer

Lacrimal glands

Question 54

Describe the typical histological appearance of serous glands:

Accepted Answer

Cuboidal or columnar cells with eosinophilic (pink) cytoplasm

Answer

Flattened cells with basophilic cytoplasm

Answer

Round cells with clear cytoplasm

Question 55

Which hormone is primarily produced and secreted by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 56

Hyperplasia of the adrenal glands is primarily associated with which clinical condition?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Addison's disease