Peptic Ulcer Disease: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which agent is the primary cause of most peptic ulcer disease cases?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Aspirin use

Answer

Stress

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables

Answer

Infection with Helicobacter pylori

Answer

Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Smoking

Question 3

What is the primary diagnostic modality for suspected peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Stool antigen test

Answer

Ultrasound imaging

Question 4

Which class of medication is most commonly used to reduce gastric acid secretion in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 5

What is the prognosis for patients with uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Favorable

Answer

Fair

Answer

Poor

Answer

Uncertain

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

High levels of stomach acid

Answer

Infection with Helicobacter pylori

Answer

Excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Smoking

Question 7

Which symptom is commonly associated with uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Pain in the upper abdomen (epigastric pain)

Answer

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Answer

Vomiting blood (hematemesis)

Answer

Unintentional weight loss

Question 8

Which diagnostic procedure is considered the most reliable (gold standard) for diagnosing peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Detection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool

Answer

Barium swallow X-ray

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Question 9

Which of the following medications is NOT typically used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide (a prokinetic agent)

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

H2-receptor antagonists

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 10

For uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, what is the recommended first-line treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

Triple therapy: a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, and antibiotics

Answer

Quadruple therapy: a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, and two antibiotics

Answer

Proton pump inhibitor monotherapy

Answer

H2-receptor antagonist monotherapy

Question 11

In cases of peptic ulcer bleeding, what is the most common underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Erosion of a major blood vessel by the ulcer

Answer

Stress-induced ulceration

Answer

Inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis)

Answer

Inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis)

Question 12

The most common symptom of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain

Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Vomiting

Question 13

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series

Answer

Stool antigen test

Question 14

The initial treatment of choice for peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori is:

Accepted Answer

Triple therapy with a PPI, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin

Answer

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy

Answer

H2 receptor antagonist

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of peptic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Ileocecal ulcer

Answer

Gastric ulcer

Answer

Duodenal ulcer

Answer

Esophageal ulcer

Question 16

In the management of peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pylori infection, which therapeutic approach is considered the primary choice?

Accepted Answer

Eradication therapy

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

H2 receptor antagonists

Answer

Antacids

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Excessive intake of spicy foods

Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use

Answer

Smoking

Question 18

The most common presenting symptom of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Melena

Question 19

Which of the following is the preferred diagnostic test for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 20

Which of the following is known to be a protective factor against peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Epidermal growth factor

Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Smoking

Question 21

The most common site for peptic ulcer formation is the:

Accepted Answer

Duodenum

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Jejunum

Answer

Ileum

Question 22

Which of the following clinical signs is highly suggestive of a perforated peptic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Peritoneal signs

Answer

Abdominal distension

Answer

Guaiac-positive stools

Answer

Hematemesis

Question 23

The endoscopic finding characteristic of an active peptic ulcer is a:

Accepted Answer

Round or oval ulcer with a flat base

Answer

Raised, friable lesion

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Hypertrophic mucosal folds

Question 24

How does excessive gastric acid secretion contribute to the development of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Damages the protective mucosal barrier, allowing acid to penetrate deeper tissues.

Answer

Neutralizes stomach acid, preventing ulcer formation.

Answer

Triggers bicarbonate secretion, buffering acid and protecting the lining.

Answer

Slows gastric motility, prolonging acid exposure.

Question 25

The primary etiological agent of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori

Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Answer

Stress

Question 26

Epigastric pain is a characteristic symptom of peptic ulcer disease. True or False?

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 27

Which diagnostic test provides a definitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Stool antigen test

Answer

Breath test

Question 28

The pathophysiological mechanism underlying peptic ulcer disease primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Imbalance between aggressive and protective factors in the gastrointestinal mucosa

Answer

Increased gastric acid secretion

Answer

Decreased mucosal blood flow

Answer

Bacterial invasion

Question 29

What is the most common presenting symptom of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Persistent diarrhea

Answer

Weight loss

Question 30

Which location is the most common site for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Answer

Esophagus

Answer

Colon

Answer

Rectum

Question 31

Which of the following accurately describes the gastrointestinal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

Accepted Answer

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin analog, can be used to reduce the risk of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers.

Answer

All NSAIDs have the same risk of causing peptic ulcers.

Answer

Enteric coating of NSAIDs completely prevents gastrointestinal complications.

Question 32

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Aspirin use

Question 33

Which risk factor is the most significant in the development of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Stress

Answer

Dietary factors

Question 34

What is the most common type of peptic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Duodenal ulcer

Answer

Esophageal ulcer

Answer

Jejunal ulcer

Answer

Gastric ulcer

Question 35

Which diagnostic procedure provides the most definitive visualization of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Barium swallow

Question 36

What medication class is considered first-line therapy for treating peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

H2 receptor blockers

Answer

Antacids

Question 37

Which lifestyle modification is strongly recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Caffeine restriction

Answer

Stress reduction

Answer

Increased alcohol consumption

Question 38

Which of the following is a unique risk factor for peptic ulcer disease in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Uremia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 39

Which of the following is the primary etiologic agent of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Excessive alcohol use

Question 40

The hallmark clinical presentation of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids

Answer

Abdominal distension

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 41

The diagnostic modality that provides definitive confirmation of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Barium swallow

Question 42

The first-line treatment for peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori is:

Accepted Answer

Triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin

Answer

Antibiotics alone

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors alone

Question 43

Which of the following is a risk factor for gastric cancer development in patients with peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Long-standing gastric ulcer

Answer

History of smoking

Answer

Use of proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Absence of Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Regular use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 45

The primary pathophysiological mechanism of peptic ulcer disease involves:

Accepted Answer

Increased gastric acid secretion and reduced mucosal defense.

Answer

Decreased gastric acid secretion and increased mucosal defense.

Answer

Increased gastric acid secretion and increased mucosal defense.

Question 46

Which of the following is a common presenting symptom of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Hematuria

Question 47

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for confirming peptic ulcer disease and its complications?

Accepted Answer

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 48

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for peptic ulcer disease caused by Helicobacter pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Omeprazole alone

Question 49

Which of the following is a potential complication of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Perforation

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Stroke

Question 50

Which of the following lifestyle modifications can help reduce the risk of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Quitting smoking

Answer

Skipping breakfast

Answer

Consuming excessive alcohol

Answer

Eating large meals

Question 51

Which of the following drugs is a proton pump inhibitor that is commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate

Question 52

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Neurotoxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 53

Which of the following is a surgical option for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease that is rarely used nowadays?

Accepted Answer

Vagotomy

Answer

Cholecystectomy

Answer

Nephrectomy

Answer

Colectomy