Respiratory Pathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which histologic pattern is characteristically seen in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)

Answer

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 2

Which of the following is not a common cause of respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Physical trauma to the respiratory system

Answer

Bacterial agents

Answer

Viral agents

Answer

Exposure to environmental irritants

Question 3

Acute bronchitis is characterized by infiltration of which inflammatory cell type?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Plasma cells

Question 4

Emphysema primarily results from an imbalance between which two factors?

Accepted Answer

Proteases and antiproteases

Answer

Oxidants and antioxidants

Answer

Cytokines and chemokines

Answer

Growth factors and hormones

Question 5

Which finding is most indicative of pulmonary tuberculosis in histopathology?

Accepted Answer

Caseous necrosis and granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Chronic inflammation and fibrosis

Answer

Squamous metaplasia and dysplasia

Answer

Adenocarcinoma and mucin production

Question 6

The most common type of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking is:

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Bronchial carcinoid tumor

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reducing airway inflammation

Answer

Dilating the bronchi

Answer

Suppressing immune responses

Answer

Increasing mucus production

Question 8

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is histologically characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fibrosis

Answer

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

Answer

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease

Question 9

The microscopic examination of sarcoidosis typically reveals:

Accepted Answer

Non-caseating granulomas

Answer

Caseating granulomas

Answer

Abscess formation

Answer

Necrosis

Question 10

Asbestos exposure is a major risk factor for the development of:

Accepted Answer

Asbestosis

Answer

Silicosis

Answer

Coal worker's pneumoconiosis

Answer

Berylliosis

Question 11

What is the primary risk factor for developing lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Exposure to asbestos

Answer

Family history of lung cancer

Question 12

The characteristic histological feature of asthma is:

Accepted Answer

Eosinophilic inflammation

Answer

Neutrophilic inflammation

Answer

Lymphocytic inflammation

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 13

Which of the following microorganisms is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 14

The defining characteristic of pulmonary fibrosis is:

Accepted Answer

Increased collagen deposition

Answer

Loss of lung parenchyma

Answer

Chronic inflammation

Answer

Neoplasia

Question 15

The primary risk factor for the development of lung cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Occupational exposure to carcinogens

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Question 16

Which type of lung cancer is characterized by the presence of glandular structures?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Question 17

The surgical removal of a portion of the lung is termed:

Accepted Answer

Lobectomy

Answer

Pneumonectomy

Answer

Thoracotomy

Answer

Tracheotomy

Question 18

Which clinical manifestation is commonly seen in children with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Hemoptysis

Answer

Pleuritic chest pain

Answer

Weight loss

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining histological feature of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of alveolar spaces and destruction of alveolar septa

Answer

Thickening of the bronchial wall

Answer

Increased number of goblet cells in the airways

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration into the lung parenchyma

Question 20

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is:

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoking

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Chronic respiratory infections

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Question 21

Which type of lung cancer is characterized by small, round cells with scant cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Small cell lung carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 22

The presence of acid-fast bacilli in sputum is a strong indicator of which respiratory infection?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Asbestos-related lung disease

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of interstitial lung diseases?

Accepted Answer

Progressive dyspnea on exertion

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Productive cough

Answer

Pleuritic chest pain

Question 24

The most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia is:

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 25

The pathological hallmark of asthma is:

Accepted Answer

Eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodeling

Answer

Neutrophilic inflammation and airway obstruction

Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration and granuloma formation

Answer

Plasma cell infiltration and immunoglobulin production

Question 26

Which of the following is a characteristic histological finding in sarcoidosis?

Accepted Answer

Non-caseating granulomas

Answer

Necrotizing granulomas

Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration without granuloma formation

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation

Question 27

Identify the histological change that is characteristic of pneumonia:

Accepted Answer

Alveolar exudate

Answer

Desquamation of bronchial epithelium

Answer

Fibrotic changes in the lung parenchyma

Answer

Hyperplasia of bronchial glands

Question 28

Which among the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Pleuritic chest pain

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Cough

Question 29

Which type of lung cancer is characterized by the presence of mucus-producing goblet cells?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Question 30

The most common cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Asbestosis

Answer

Drug-induced pneumonitis

Question 31

The most common site of pulmonary embolism (PE) is:

Accepted Answer

Right lower lobe

Answer

Left lower lobe

Answer

Right upper lobe

Answer

Left upper lobe

Question 32

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing mesothelioma?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos exposure

Answer

Cigarette smoking

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Family history

Question 33

The characteristic histopathologic finding in pulmonary hypertension is:

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the pulmonary artery media

Answer

Intimal fibrosis

Answer

Adventitial inflammation

Answer

Periarterial edema

Question 34

The most sensitive diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB) is:

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Tuberculin skin test

Answer

Bronchoscopy

Question 35

What is the defining characteristic of bronchiectasis, a chronic respiratory condition marked by irreversible bronchial enlargement?

Accepted Answer

Irreversible bronchial dilatation

Answer

Thickened bronchial walls

Answer

Increased goblet cells in bronchial epithelium

Answer

Absence of inflammatory cell infiltration

Question 36

What histological feature is most characteristic of interstitial lung diseases?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosis and thickening of the alveolar walls

Answer

Inflammatory cells in the alveolar spaces

Answer

Fluid accumulation in the pleural space

Question 37

Which pathological feature is characteristic of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Destructive changes to alveolar walls

Answer

Thickened alveolar septa

Answer

Increased mucus production

Answer

Inflamed airways

Question 38

Which pathological change is characteristic of pulmonary emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged air spaces beyond terminal bronchioles

Answer

Fluid accumulation in alveoli

Answer

Inflammation of airways

Answer

Thickened alveolar walls

Question 39

What is the typical microscopic appearance of interstitial fibrosis in lung tissue?

Accepted Answer

Thickened and scarred alveolar septa

Answer

Alveolar fluid accumulation

Answer

Eroded bronchial epithelium

Answer

Enlarged airway smooth muscle

Question 40

What is the primary cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 41

Which of the following is a hallmark of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled abnormal cell proliferation in lung tissue

Answer

Thickened alveolar walls

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Airway inflammation

Question 42

Which type of lung cancer is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 43

What is the most common complication associated with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Empyema

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Respiratory failure

Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 44

Which pathological feature is characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Granuloma formation in lung tissue

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Airway smooth muscle hyperplasia

Answer

Eroded bronchial epithelium

Question 45

What is the most common type of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Croup

Answer

Sinusitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 46

Which pathological feature characterizes emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar walls

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Increased mucus production

Answer

Eosinophil-rich inflammation

Question 47

Pulmonary edema is characterized by what pathological process?

Accepted Answer

Extravasation of fluid into the alveoli

Answer

Emphysematous changes

Answer

Infiltration of inflammatory cells

Answer

Thickening of the pleura

Question 48

Which microscopic finding is uniquely characteristic of organizing pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Granulation tissue filling alveoli

Answer

Edema fluid filling alveoli

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration of alveoli

Answer

Hyaline membranes lining alveoli

Question 49

Exposure to which agent is strongly linked to the development of malignant mesothelioma?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos

Answer

Welding fumes

Answer

Silica dust

Answer

Tobacco smoke

Question 50

The histological hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by what pathological finding?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 51

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants primarily results from a deficiency of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary surfactant

Answer

Pulmonary infection

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Question 52

Pulmonary embolism typically occurs in the context of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Deep venous thrombosis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Diabetes mellitus