Gastrointestinal Assessment and Monitoring for Pediatrics: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is the most frequent indication for upper endoscopy in pediatric patients?

Accepted Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Constipation

Question 2

The definitive diagnostic test for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is:

Accepted Answer

Esophageal pH monitoring

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 3

Which physical examination finding is most suggestive of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Splenomegaly

Answer

Ascites

Answer

Clubbing

Answer

Jaundice

Question 4

The most precise imaging modality for diagnosing intussusception is:

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Plain abdominal radiograph

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

CT scan

Question 5

Which laboratory test offers the highest sensitivity and specificity for pancreatitis diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lipase

Answer

Amylase

Answer

C-reactive protein

Answer

Complete blood count

Question 6

In a child with inflammatory bowel disease, which condition is considered a surgical emergency?

Accepted Answer

Toxic megacolon

Answer

Recurrent abdominal pain

Answer

Bloody diarrhea

Answer

Fever

Question 7

Constipation in infants is most frequently caused by:

Accepted Answer

Hirschsprung's disease

Answer

Cow's milk protein allergy

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 8

The most common presenting symptom of pyloric stenosis is:

Accepted Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Weight loss

Question 9

What is the primary reason for gastroesophageal reflux in infants?

Accepted Answer

The lower esophageal sphincter isn't fully developed

Answer

Abnormalities in the digestive system's structure

Answer

High levels of stomach acid production

Question 10

Which type of endoscopy is used to visualize the stomach and duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer

Enteroscopy

Question 11

Which imaging study is most appropriate for evaluating small bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Barium meal and follow-through

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan

Question 12

Which laboratory test is most useful for diagnosing celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG IgA)

Answer

Complete blood count with differential

Answer

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer

Fecal occult blood test

Question 13

What is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children?

Accepted Answer

Viruses

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Parasites

Answer

Fungi

Question 14

What is the first-line treatment for acute pancreatitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Pain medication

Question 15

Which nutritional deficiency is most common in children with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin B12

Answer

Iron

Question 16

For definitively diagnosing Hirschsprung disease, what is considered the gold standard test?

Accepted Answer

Full-thickness biopsy of the rectum with suction

Answer

Biopsy of rectal tissue

Answer

Anorectal manometry

Answer

Contrast enema

Question 17

Which inflammatory bowel disease primarily affects the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Answer

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 18

In children, what is the primary medication used to treat acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Octreotide

Answer

Famotidine

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 19

When administering barium contrast to a pediatric patient with suspected lower gastrointestinal bleeding, the preferred route is:

Accepted Answer

Rectal

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intraosseous

Question 20

In children, the physical examination finding most suggestive of H. pylori infection is:

Accepted Answer

Pallor

Answer

Lymphadenopathy

Answer

Clubbing

Answer

Splenomegaly

Question 21

The most precise method for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux in children is:

Accepted Answer

pH monitoring

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Esophageal manometry

Question 22

The primary treatment for lactose intolerance in children is:

Accepted Answer

Dietary modification

Answer

Lactase enzyme supplements

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 23

In children, the preferred imaging modality for evaluating suspected appendicitis is:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer

Barium enema

Question 24

During a physical examination for gastrointestinal assessment, which maneuver is specifically employed to detect enlargement of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Spleen palpation

Answer

Murphy's sign

Answer

Blumberg's sign

Answer

Cholecystitis sign

Question 25

Which endoscopic procedure is primarily used to examine the interior of the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Lower endoscopy

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Question 26

In children, what is the most common underlying cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Hiatal hernia

Answer

Delayed gastric emptying

Answer

Increased gastric acid production

Answer

Esophageal motility problems

Question 27

Which diagnostic procedure is considered the gold standard for confirming inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Sigmoidoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Answer

Barium enema

Question 28

During a physical examination to assess the abdomen, which technique involves pushing deeply with the fingertips to palpate the organs?

Accepted Answer

Deep palpation

Answer

Auscultation

Answer

Percussion

Answer

Inspection

Question 29

Which type of endoscopic procedure allows for visualization of the small intestine through insertion of a flexible tube?

Accepted Answer

Enteroscopy

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Gastroscopy

Question 30

Which imaging study utilizes X-rays to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the abdomen, including the liver, pancreas, and spleen?

Accepted Answer

CT scan

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

MRI

Question 31

What is the primary reason for performing an abdominal ultrasound in children?

Accepted Answer

To investigate abdominal pain of unknown origin

Answer

To confirm a diagnosis of appendicitis

Answer

To assess liver function

Answer

To detect tumors of the abdomen

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of nasogastric tube placement in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Aspiration of stomach contents

Answer

Esophageal perforation

Answer

Sinusitis

Question 33

What is the preferred method for administering oral rehydration fluids to children with mild to moderate dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Oral electrolyte solution

Answer

Intravenous infusion

Answer

Nasogastric tube

Answer

Rectal enema

Question 34

Which imaging study is commonly used to evaluate the anatomy and function of the esophagus and stomach in children?

Accepted Answer

Upper gastrointestinal series

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer

Computed tomography

Question 35

What is a common presenting symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Projectile vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Jaundice

Question 36

What is the preferred method for evaluating gastroesophageal reflux in children?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal pH monitoring

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Stool culture

Question 37

What is the initial treatment of choice for acute gastroenteritis in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications

Question 38

What is the most common initial symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Non-bilious, projectile vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Jaundice

Question 39

Which of the following factors is established as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants?

Accepted Answer

Formula feeding

Answer

Breastfeeding

Answer

Advanced maternal age

Answer

Term gestation

Question 40

What is the preferred initial management for acute gastroenteritis in children, according to current guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration solution

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Dietary restriction

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Question 41

Which of the following histologic findings is characteristic of ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Crypt abscesses

Answer

Abnormal Paneth cells

Answer

Granulomas

Answer

Villous atrophy

Question 42

Which physical examination finding is most suggestive of esophageal atresia in an infant?

Accepted Answer

Excessive mucus in the oropharynx and absent breath sounds below the level of the atresia

Answer

Ascites

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Vomiting green-tinged aspirate

Question 43

Endoscopy is indicated for which of the following conditions in pediatrics?

Accepted Answer

Persistent and unexplained vomiting or gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

Abdominal pain without other concerning symptoms

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Jaundice

Question 44

Which of the following imaging studies is primarily used to visualize the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Upper GI series with small bowel follow-through

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Abdominal ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography scan

Question 45

One of the potential complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy is:

Accepted Answer

Perforation

Answer

Fever

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 46

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Trauma or blunt abdominal injury

Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Alcohol use

Question 47

Which of the following laboratory tests is most indicative of liver dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels

Answer

High blood sugar

Answer

Elevated white blood cell count

Answer

Low hemoglobin

Question 48

The gold standard for diagnosing celiac disease is:

Accepted Answer

Small bowel biopsy

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Stool test

Question 49

A 10-year-old girl presents with recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea, particularly after consuming dairy products. Which diagnostic test would be most helpful in confirming a suspected diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lactose breath hydrogen test

Answer

Upper gastrointestinal series

Answer

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

Answer

Colonoscopy

Question 50

An endoscopy is performed on a 12-year-old boy with suspected Crohn's disease. Which endoscopic finding is most characteristic of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Patchy areas of inflammation and ulceration throughout the gastrointestinal tract

Answer

Multiple polyps in the colon

Answer

Continuous inflammation and ulceration limited to the colon

Question 51

A 2-week-old infant presents with projectile vomiting after feeding and failure to thrive. An upper gastrointestinal series reveals a "string sign" indicating a narrowed pyloric channel. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Malrotation with volvulus

Answer

Duodenal atresia

Question 52

A 5-year-old girl presents with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Her stool is greasy and foul-smelling. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 53

Which of the following is a key advantage of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over computed tomography (CT) for evaluating inflammatory bowel disease in children?

Accepted Answer

Absence of ionizing radiation exposure

Answer

Superior visualization of bony structures

Answer

Lower cost

Answer

Faster examination time

Question 54

A newborn infant presents with bilious vomiting and abdominal distension shortly after birth. An abdominal X-ray reveals a "double-bubble" sign. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?

Accepted Answer

Duodenal atresia

Answer

Pyloric stenosis

Answer

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer

Hirschsprung disease

Question 55

What is the most appropriate initial management for a 2-year-old child with mild dehydration due to acute gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Intravenous fluid resuscitation

Answer

Antiemetics

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 56

Which dietary modification is recommended for children with celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Gluten-free diet

Answer

Low-fiber diet

Answer

Lactose-free diet

Answer

High-fat diet