Respiratory Emergencies in Children: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following clinical signs may **not** be present in a child with respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Nasal flaring

Answer

Intercostal retractions

Question 2

What is the most common viral cause of croup?

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 3

What is the initial **pharmacological** treatment for a child with severe respiratory distress caused by asthma **without** concomitant infection?

Accepted Answer

Nebulized salbutamol

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Intubation

Answer

Oral prednisolone

Question 4

What is the recommended first-line medication for a child with mild to moderate croup?

Accepted Answer

Dexamethasone

Answer

Budesonide

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Montelukast

Question 5

Which of the following is **not** an indication for intubation in a child with epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

Increasing hoarseness

Answer

Respiratory distress despite maximal medical therapy

Answer

Stridor at rest

Answer

Subcutaneous emphysema

Question 6

What is the most common complication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in **infants**?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Otitis media

Answer

Croup

Question 7

Identify the most prevalent cause of respiratory distress in newborn infants.

Accepted Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Question 8

In children, which medication is the first-line choice for bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Terbutaline

Answer

Budesonide

Answer

Methylprednisolone

Question 9

Which measure is most effective in preventing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in high-risk infants?

Accepted Answer

Palivizumab prophylaxis

Answer

Influenza vaccine

Answer

Pneumonia vaccine

Answer

Hand hygiene

Question 10

In children experiencing mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations, which treatment option is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Answer

Leukotriene modifiers

Question 11

What is the most prevalent cause of respiratory distress in infants?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Asthma

Question 12

Which triad of symptoms is characteristic of croup?

Accepted Answer

Cough, hoarseness, and stridor

Answer

Fever, cough, and shortness of breath

Answer

Wheezing, coughing, and chest pain

Answer

Nasal congestion, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing

Question 13

What is a primary sign indicating epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

Drooling

Answer

Grunting respirations

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Retractions

Question 14

In the initial management of a child with severe bronchiolitis, what is the primary intervention?

Accepted Answer

Supplemental oxygen

Answer

Intubation and mechanical ventilation

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 15

Which diagnostic procedure is considered the gold standard for confirming croup?

Accepted Answer

Laryngoscopy

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Throat culture

Answer

Pulse oximetry

Question 16

What is a potential complication that may arise from epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

Airway obstruction

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Myocarditis

Answer

Meningitis

Question 17

What is the primary objective of treating respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

Accepted Answer

Prevent complications

Answer

Eradicate the virus

Answer

Enhance immune response

Answer

Reduce symptoms

Question 18

Which factor increases the risk of severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Gestational age less than 28 weeks

Answer

Maternal diabetes

Answer

Polyhydramnios

Answer

Maternal smoking

Question 19

What is the most effective preventive measure against respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Administering surfactant

Answer

Using mechanical ventilation

Answer

Providing oxygen therapy

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Question 20

Which respiratory examination finding is typically associated with pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Crackles

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Stridor

Answer

Rhonchi

Question 21

To assess the severity of respiratory distress in children, which indicators are crucial?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate, respiratory effort, and oxygen saturation

Answer

Heart rate and oxygen saturation

Answer

Cyanosis and heart rate

Answer

Oxygen saturation alone

Question 22

In children with respiratory emergencies, which of the following is NOT an indication for mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrest

Answer

Severe respiratory distress with impending respiratory failure

Answer

Apnea or inadequate spontaneous ventilation

Answer

Persistent hypoxemia despite maximal oxygen therapy

Question 23

Which of the following is the most prevalent factor contributing to respiratory distress in infants under two months of age?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Croup

Answer

Epiglottitis

Question 24

What is the characteristic clinical manifestation of croup?

Accepted Answer

Stridor

Answer

Hoarse cough

Answer

Fever

Answer

Difficulty swallowing

Question 25

Which intervention is the recommended initial treatment for epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

Intubation

Answer

Tracheostomy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Steroids

Question 26

What is the principal objective of managing respiratory distress in children?

Accepted Answer

To maintain adequate oxygenation

Answer

To prevent infection

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Answer

To improve lung function

Question 27

What is the recommended initial antibiotic regimen for presumed bacterial pneumonia in a child with weakened immunity?

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone and vancomycin

Answer

Ampicillin and sulbactam

Answer

Piperacillin/tazobactam

Answer

Azithromycin and clarithromycin

Question 28

What is the most prevalent cause of respiratory distress in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer

Sepsis

Question 29

Identify the characteristic triad of symptoms associated with croup.

Accepted Answer

Stridor, hoarseness, dyspnea

Answer

Barking cough, fever, hoarseness

Answer

Rash, sore throat, fever

Answer

Wheezing, cough, chest pain

Question 30

Identify the predominant risk factor for developing bronchiolitis obliterans.

Accepted Answer

Lung transplant

Answer

Prematurity

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Aspiration

Question 31

Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations in children?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Montelukast

Question 32

What is the most frequent type of pleural effusion in children?

Accepted Answer

Parapneumonic

Answer

Chylothorax

Answer

Hemothorax

Answer

Empyema

Question 33

Which test is considered the definitive diagnostic tool for cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Sweat chloride test

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Genetic testing

Question 34

In managing a complex respiratory emergency in a pediatric patient, which collaboration offers the most comprehensive and specialized care?

Accepted Answer

Pediatricians, pulmonologists, and anesthesiologists

Answer

Pediatricians and nurses

Answer

Pediatricians and respiratory therapists

Answer

Pediatricians and general practitioners

Question 35

A 2-year-old child presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of respiratory distress, hoarse voice, and inspiratory stridor. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Croup

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 36

In a child with respiratory distress, what is the most important immediate intervention?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen administration

Answer

Salbutamol nebulization

Answer

Intubation

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 37

Which of the following is a contraindication to nebulized epinephrine in croup?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Seizure disorder

Question 38

Which of the following laboratory tests is most useful in confirming the diagnosis of bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Rapid influenza antigen test

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 39

What is the most appropriate management for a child with mild croup who is afebrile and has no signs of respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Observe and discharge home with instructions for close follow-up

Answer

Administer nebulized epinephrine

Answer

Prescribe oral steroids

Answer

Refer to the emergency department

Question 40

Which of the following is the primary cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Aspiration

Question 41

What is the most common organism causing epiglottitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 42

What is the primary goal of management for a child with respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Maintain oxygenation and ventilation

Answer

Reduce inflammation

Answer

Promote airway clearance

Answer

Prevent infection

Question 43

What is the characteristic radiological finding in a child with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Interstitial infiltrates

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 44

Which of these does NOT increase an infant's risk of severe RSV infection?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Question 45

What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in children under 2 years old?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Croup

Question 46

Drooling is a classic sign of which respiratory emergency?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Croup

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Question 47

Which is a potential complication of epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

Airway obstruction

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Emphysema

Question 48

A 2-year-old child presents with difficulty breathing, a respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute, retractions, and grunting. Which is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

Provide oxygen and administer bronchodilators

Answer

Intubate the child

Answer

Perform a chest X-ray

Answer

Start antibiotics

Question 49

The definitive treatment for epiglottitis is:

Accepted Answer

Intubation

Answer

Racemic epinephrine

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Question 50

Antibiotics should be used in the management of respiratory emergencies:

Accepted Answer

Only in cases with bacterial infection

Answer

Always in croup

Answer

Never

Answer

In all cases