Cardiothoracic Surgery Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Heart and Lung Surgery

Question 1

Lung volume reduction surgery is primarily indicated for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Severe emphysema

Answer

Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Answer

Severe asthma

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 2

What is the most frequent cause of pericardial effusion following cardiac surgery?

Accepted Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Infection

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Heart failure

Question 3

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node?

Accepted Answer

Initiate and regulate the electrical impulses for heart contractions

Answer

Transmit electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles

Answer

Control the heart rate and rhythm

Answer

Regulate blood pressure

Question 4

What is the most prevalent type of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Accepted Answer

Asymptomatic coronary artery disease with mild stenosis (less than 50%)

Answer

Severe angina despite optimal medical therapy

Answer

Multivessel coronary artery disease with left main stenosis

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a common indication for performing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Accepted Answer

Stable angina without severe symptoms

Answer

Unstable angina

Answer

Acute myocardial infarction

Answer

Multivessel coronary artery disease

Question 7

What is the most frequently performed valve surgery?

Accepted Answer

Aortic valve replacement

Answer

Mitral valve repair

Answer

Tricuspid valve replacement

Answer

Pulmonary valve repair

Question 8

In a carotid endarterectomy, which surgical incision approach is typically utilized?

Accepted Answer

Lateral neck incision

Answer

Transcranial incision

Answer

Median sternotomy

Answer

Thoracotomy

Question 9

What is the most common cause underlying a spontaneous pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

Rupture of a pulmonary bleb

Answer

Penetrating chest wound

Answer

Massive hemothorax

Answer

Bronchial asthma

Question 10

Who was responsible for implanting the first successful artificial heart?

Accepted Answer

Robert Jarvik

Answer

Christiaan Barnard

Answer

Norman Shumway

Answer

Michael DeBakey

Question 11

Where is the typical surgical site for performing a tracheostomy?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Answer

Cricothyroid membrane

Answer

Stoma

Answer

Larynx

Question 12

What is the primary objective of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing lung function through removal of damaged tissue

Answer

Reducing the thoracic cavity size

Answer

Lowering the risk of infection

Question 13

Which incision is commonly used to access the abdominal cavity during an appendectomy?

Accepted Answer

McBurney incision

Answer

Pfannenstiel incision

Answer

Lanz incision

Question 14

What antibiotic prophylaxis is typically used for clean-contaminated surgical procedures?

Accepted Answer

Cefazolin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 15

In ethical decision-making for end-stage heart failure patients, which principle emphasizes respecting their right to choose their own medical care?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Question 16

Which of the following is the main reason for performing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Accepted Answer

Improving blood flow to the heart in patients with severe coronary artery disease

Answer

Treating unstable angina

Answer

Reversing left ventricular dysfunction

Answer

Preventing syncope

Question 17

In mitral valve replacement surgery, which type of valve is most frequently employed?

Accepted Answer

Biological valve

Answer

Mechanical valve

Answer

Ross procedure valve

Answer

Homograft valve

Question 18

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography angiography (CTA)

Answer

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan

Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 19

Which non-surgical treatment option is appropriate for esophageal perforation?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic therapy and bowel rest

Answer

Endoscopic stent placement

Answer

Thoracic drainage

Answer

Emergency thoracotomy

Question 20

What is the most common cause of narrowing of the trachea (tracheal stenosis)?

Accepted Answer

Intubation

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Infection

Answer

Malignancy

Question 21

Which condition is a contraindication to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)?

Accepted Answer

Extensive pleural adhesions

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Advanced age

Question 22

What is the primary reason for performing a bullectomy?

Accepted Answer

To remove a large air-filled space (bulla) in the lung

Answer

To treat spontaneous pneumothorax

Answer

To manage hemothorax

Answer

To treat lung abscess

Question 23

Which lung transplantation procedure involves replacing just one lung?

Accepted Answer

Unilateral lung transplantation

Answer

Bilateral lung transplantation

Answer

Heart-lung transplantation

Answer

Lung volume reduction surgery

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT an indication for aortic valve replacement?

Accepted Answer

Significant coronary artery disease

Answer

Severe aortic stenosis

Answer

Severe aortic regurgitation with left ventricular dysfunction

Answer

Aortic dissection

Question 25

What is the most prevalent type of lung cancer worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Non-small cell lung cancer

Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Bronchial carcinoid

Answer

Mesothelioma

Question 26

Which surgical procedure is typically employed to correct tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

Rastelli procedure

Answer

Mustard procedure

Answer

Senning procedure

Answer

Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure

Question 27

Which imaging technique is considered the gold standard for diagnosing pericardial effusion?

Accepted Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

CT scan

Answer

MRI

Question 28

What is the most frequently reported symptom of a pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Coughing up blood

Question 29

What is a protective factor against coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Answer

High blood pressure

Question 30

In the management of heart failure, which statement best describes the role of ventricular assist devices (VADs)?

Accepted Answer

VADs can significantly improve the quality of life for patients with advanced heart failure.

Answer

VADs serve solely as a temporary solution until a heart transplant becomes available.

Answer

VADs are designed to support only the right or left ventricle, not both simultaneously.

Answer

VADs pose a minimal risk of infection.

Question 31

Which aspect of a patient's life is most affected by cardiothoracic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Physical abilities

Answer

Survival

Answer

Emotional health

Answer

Thinking skills

Question 32

What are the main advantages of minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery over traditional methods?

Accepted Answer

Less pain and scarring

Accepted Answer

Shorter hospital stays

Answer

Higher risk of complications

Answer

More complex and time-consuming

Question 33

Which surgical technique involves the use of flexible artificial chords to repair a damaged mitral valve?

Accepted Answer

Carpentier Technique

Answer

Mustard Operation

Answer

Ross Procedure

Answer

Bentall Procedure

Question 34

Which type of heart failure is characterized by impaired ventricular relaxation?

Accepted Answer

Diastolic heart failure

Answer

Restrictive heart failure

Answer

Ischemic heart failure

Answer

Systolic heart failure

Question 35

What is the purpose of an endarterectomy in carotid artery surgery?

Accepted Answer

To remove atherosclerotic plaque

Answer

To remove a tumor from the carotid artery

Answer

To repair a carotid artery aneurysm

Answer

To bypass the carotid artery

Question 36

Which of the following is a contraindication for thoracic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Severe pulmonary hypertension

Answer

Obesity

Answer

History of smoking

Answer

Advanced age

Question 37

What is the name of the device used to temporarily support the heart and lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass?

Accepted Answer

Heart-lung machine

Answer

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

Answer

Impella

Answer

Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)

Question 38

Which of the following is a primary indication for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Accepted Answer

Severe narrowing or blockage of multiple coronary arteries

Answer

Congestive heart failure unresponsive to medical therapy

Answer

Uncontrolled valvular heart disease

Question 39

Which type of valvular heart disease involves regurgitation of blood into the left ventricle during diastole?

Accepted Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Pulmonary stenosis

Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer

Aortic stenosis

Question 40

What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in otherwise healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

Rupture of a lung bleb or bulla

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer

Thoracic trauma

Answer

Lung malignancy

Question 41

Which surgical approach is commonly employed for lung lobectomy?

Accepted Answer

Thoracotomy

Answer

Open heart surgery

Answer

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

Answer

Laparoscopy

Question 42

What is the primary life-threatening complication of a dissecting aortic aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

Rupture leading to hemorrhage or cardiac tamponade

Answer

Ischemic limb loss

Answer

Acute renal failure

Answer

Paraplegia due to spinal cord ischemia

Question 43

Which imaging technique is considered the most reliable for preoperative staging of esophageal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 44

What is the preferred surgical treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Esophagectomy with extensive lymph node dissection

Answer

Endoscopic mucosal resection

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Question 45

Which of the following activities is a recognized risk factor for developing thoracic outlet syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Repetitive overhead arm movements

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 46

What is the primary objective of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate chest pain and augment myocardial perfusion

Answer

To prevent myocardial infarction

Answer

To treat heart failure

Answer

To correct valvular regurgitation

Question 47

Which of the following is a risk factor for mediastinitis after cardiac surgery?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time

Answer

Closed sternal incision

Answer

Normothermia

Answer

Use of prophylactic antibiotics

Question 48

What is the primary treatment modality for small-cell lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiotherapy

Answer

Surgery

Question 49

What is the intended purpose of preoperative bronchoscopy in the context of lung cancer surgery?

Accepted Answer

To assess airway anatomy and determine the feasibility of resection

Answer

To obtain tissue samples for biopsy

Answer

To provide a definitive diagnosis

Answer

To perform endobronchial stenting

Question 50

What is the most common indication for pericardiectomy?

Accepted Answer

Constrictive pericarditis

Answer

Acute pericarditis

Answer

Cardiac tamponade

Answer

Pericardial effusion

Question 51

What is the most common presenting symptom of a thoracic aortic aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

Pain

Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Cough

Answer

Dyspnea

Question 52

What is the primary anesthetic technique used during cardiac surgery?

Accepted Answer

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with general anesthesia

Answer

Regional anesthesia

Answer

Spinal anesthesia

Answer

Local anesthesia