Tuberculosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Question 1

Which microorganism is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

In pulmonary tuberculosis, where does the initial infection typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchus

Answer

Pleura

Answer

Trachea

Question 3

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Chills

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 4

What drug is considered the cornerstone of first-line treatment for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Rifampin

Answer

Pyrazinamide

Answer

Ethambutol

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of the tuberculin skin test?

Accepted Answer

To determine exposure to tuberculosis bacteria

Answer

To diagnose active tuberculosis

Answer

To monitor the effectiveness of anti-tubercular therapy

Answer

To test for immunity to tuberculosis

Question 6

For uncomplicated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, what is the recommended duration of treatment?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

4 months

Answer

9 months

Answer

12 months

Question 7

Which organism is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

How is tuberculosis most commonly transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets from an infected person

Answer

Direct contact with infected body fluids

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 9

What microorganism is responsible for causing tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 10

In patient education for tuberculosis management, which elements are crucial to cover?

Accepted Answer

Symptoms, treatment, and prevention

Answer

Treatment and prognosis

Answer

Causes and complications

Answer

Transmission and diagnosis

Question 11

Identify the bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis.

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 12

Which definitive diagnostic test is employed to confirm tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterial culture

Answer

Mantoux skin test

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Acid-fast bacilli smear

Question 13

The causative agent of tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 14

The most common presenting symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Fever

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Hemoptysis

Question 15

The diagnostic test considered the gold standard for confirming tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Tuberculin skin test

Answer

Acid-fast smear

Question 16

The primary purpose of using directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment is to:

Accepted Answer

Ensure patient adherence to medication

Answer

Monitor for adverse effects

Answer

Prevent the development of drug resistance

Answer

Reduce the risk of transmission

Question 17

The most effective preventive measure for tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine

Answer

Isoniazid prophylaxis

Answer

Isolation of infected individuals

Answer

Contact tracing

Question 18

In tuberculosis management, which action is most ethical for nurses to take?

Accepted Answer

Supporting patients facing TB treatment challenges by advocating for resources and assistance

Answer

Prioritizing individual rights over public health concerns

Answer

Keeping a patient's TB status secret from their family to protect their privacy

Question 19

Which of the following presents a significant obstacle in the modern management of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Poor adherence to prescribed treatment plans by patients

Answer

Insufficient availability of potent antibiotics

Answer

Restricted access to diagnostic testing

Answer

Affordable and widely accessible treatment options

Question 20

The recommended initial drug regimen for treating drug-susceptible pulmonary TB includes which of the following medications?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol

Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, clarithromycin, and ethambutol

Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, azithromycin, and streptomycin

Answer

Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin

Question 21

A key element of tuberculosis (TB) prevention is:

Accepted Answer

Contact tracing

Answer

Antimicrobial prophylaxis

Answer

Smoking cessation

Question 22

A patient with suspected TB has a negative TST but a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Latent TB infection

Answer

Active TB infection

Answer

False positive result

Answer

False negative result

Question 23

Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention for a patient with TB?

Accepted Answer

Providing education about infection control measures

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Answer

Monitoring vital signs

Question 24

Which of the following is a hallmark clinical manifestation of active pulmonary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged productive cough, frequently with blood-tinged sputum

Answer

Asymptomatic or mild symptoms

Answer

Acute onset of wheezing and dyspnea

Answer

Skin rashes and enlarged lymph nodes

Question 25

Which anti-tuberculosis medication is known for its potential to cause liver damage?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Rifampin can cause orange discoloration of body fluids

Answer

Pyrazinamide is associated with hyperuricemia

Answer

Ethambutol may lead to optic neuritis

Question 26

Which factor among the following poses the greatest risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppression, either due to disease or medication

Answer

Smoking, as it damages the lungs and increases vulnerability

Answer

Diabetes, as it weakens the immune system

Answer

Exposure to indoor air pollution, as it can carry infectious droplets

Question 27

What is the predominant mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of airborne droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Transmission through blood transfusions from infected individuals

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects

Question 28

Which of the following complications is a potential consequence of untreated tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculous meningitis, a severe infection of the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Emphysema, a chronic lung disease causing shortness of breath

Answer

Bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes

Answer

Pneumonia, an infection of the lung tissue

Question 29

What is the primary objective of treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the progression to active tuberculosis disease

Answer

To cure active tuberculosis infection

Answer

To reduce the transmission of tuberculosis

Answer

To boost the immune response against tuberculosis

Question 30

Which microorganism is the causative agent of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 31

Which of the following is not a commonly used diagnostic test for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Tuberculin skin test

Answer

Sputum smear

Question 32

What is the recommended first-line drug for treating drug-susceptible tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid

Answer

Pyrazinamide

Answer

Rifampin

Answer

Ethambutol

Question 33

What is the typical duration of treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

9 months

Answer

12 months

Answer

3 months

Question 34

What is the primary means by which tuberculosis is transmitted?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Answer

Transplacental transmission

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Direct contact with infected individuals

Question 35

Which infection control measures are recommended in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Airborne precautions

Answer

Standard precautions

Answer

Contact precautions

Answer

Droplet precautions

Question 36

A patient presents with persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. A chest X-ray reveals a cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer

Lung cancer

Question 37

Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades the host's immune system primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Forming granulomas that encapsulate bacteria, limiting immune response

Answer

Developing resistance to antibiotics, hindering treatment effectiveness

Answer

Producing toxins that directly suppress immune cells, weakening host defenses

Answer

Rapidly replicating within macrophages, overwhelming the immune system

Question 38

Which of the following factors increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis in a patient with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

Accepted Answer

HIV infection

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

History of childhood measles

Answer

Recent influenza vaccination

Question 39

A patient on a multidrug regimen for active tuberculosis develops peripheral neuropathy. Which medication is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid (INH)

Answer

Pyrazinamide

Answer

Rifampin

Answer

Ethambutol

Question 40

The most effective strategy to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is:

Accepted Answer

Strict adherence to a complete multidrug regimen as prescribed

Answer

Early initiation of monotherapy with a single antibiotic

Answer

Frequent changes in treatment regimens based on patient response

Answer

Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for initial treatment

Question 41

A patient with tuberculosis is being discharged from the hospital. Which instruction should be given to the patient regarding infection control?

Accepted Answer

Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing to prevent spreading droplets

Answer

Dispose of used tissues in the trash

Answer

Avoid contact with other people for at least 6 months

Answer

Wear a surgical mask at all times