Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Practice Questions and Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common bacterial cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

Among females, which type of urinary tract infection (UTI) is most common?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Urethritis

Answer

Prostatitis

Question 3

In approximately 80-90% of uncomplicated UTIs, which microorganism is primarily responsible?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

Which clinical presentation is characteristic of cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria, urinary frequency, and urgency

Answer

Fever, chills, and flank pain

Answer

Lower abdominal pain and cloudy urine

Answer

Suprapubic pain and hesitancy

Question 5

For the diagnosis of UTIs, which laboratory test is most valuable?

Accepted Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Serum electrolytes

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 6

For the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs, what is the generally recommended duration of antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

5-7 days

Answer

3 days

Answer

10-14 days

Answer

21 days

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism by which cranberry products may contribute to UTI prevention?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit bacterial adhesion to the cells lining the urinary tract

Answer

They have no proven effect on UTI prevention.

Answer

They enhance the immune system's response to infection

Answer

They make urine more alkaline, creating an unfavorable environment for bacteria

Question 8

In otherwise healthy women, which bacterium is the most common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing a UTI?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Menopause

Question 10

The most common causative organism in uncomplicated community-acquired UTIs is:

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Question 11

Which of the following is a typical clinical manifestation of an uncomplicated lower UTI?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Costovertebral angle tenderness

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

High-grade fever

Question 12

The definitive diagnostic test for UTI is:

Accepted Answer

Urine culture and sensitivity

Answer

Urine dipstick analysis

Answer

Cystoscopy

Answer

Urinalysis

Question 13

First-line empiric therapy for uncomplicated UTIs in healthy women typically includes:

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Meropenem

Question 14

The most common complication of an untreated upper UTI is:

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Urosepsis

Answer

Interstitial cystitis

Answer

Urethritis

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic laboratory finding in UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Leukocyturia

Answer

Proteinuria

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Glucosuria

Question 16

Which pathogen is the leading cause of UTIs in women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Question 17

Which factors predispose individuals to developing UTIs?

Accepted Answer

All of the aforementioned

Answer

Female anatomy

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Neurogenic bladder

Question 18

What is the hallmark symptom of an uncomplicated lower UTI?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Flank pain

Answer

Fever

Answer

Nausea

Question 19

Which antibiotic is the first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 20

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated UTIs in women?

Accepted Answer

7 days

Answer

3 days

Answer

10 days

Answer

14 days

Question 21

What is the most reliable diagnostic test for UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Urine culture

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Cystoscopy

Answer

X-ray

Question 22

Which of the following can be a potential adverse outcome of untreated UTIs?

Accepted Answer

All of the aforementioned

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Urosepsis

Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Question 23

In the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs), imaging techniques like ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) are primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Exclude underlying anatomical abnormalities or complications

Answer

Confirm the presence of pus cells in the urine

Answer

Monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment

Answer

Rule out sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Question 24

Which of the following is a pharmacological measure for UTI prevention?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Timed voiding

Answer

Cranberry juice consumption

Question 25

Which of the following is the most prevalent causative agent of acute uncomplicated cystitis in sexually active women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 26

Which laboratory finding strongly suggests the presence of a complicated UTI?

Accepted Answer

Microbial growth >10^5 CFU/mL

Answer

Pyuria

Answer

Positive nitrite test

Answer

Leukocyte esterase

Question 27

Fluoroquinolones are frequently used antibiotics for treating UTIs. Which of the following best describes their mechanism of action and the potential implications of antimicrobial resistance?

Accepted Answer

Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis, and resistance can develop due to mutations in the target enzymes.

Answer

Fluoroquinolones disrupt bacterial cell membrane permeability, and resistance is uncommon.

Answer

Fluoroquinolones inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, and resistance is a significant concern.

Question 28

Which of the following is the predominant type of urinary tract infection (UTI) in women?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Urethritis

Answer

Prostatitis

Question 29

What is the typical etiology of uncomplicated UTIs in women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Question 30

Which clinical sign is suggestive of an upper tract UTI?

Accepted Answer

Costovertebral angle tenderness

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Cloudy urine

Answer

Urinary frequency

Question 31

What is the preferred antimicrobial medication for empiric treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 32

What is the primary mechanism leading to catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial colonization of the catheter

Answer

Traumatic damage to the urethra

Answer

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer

Obstruction of urine flow

Question 33

Which of the following is the most prevalent etiologic agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) among young women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 34

Which factor does NOT increase the risk of developing a UTI?

Accepted Answer

Infrequent intercourse

Answer

Menopause

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Impaired bladder emptying

Question 35

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of a lower UTI?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Fever

Answer

Flank pain

Question 36

What is the recommended first-line antibiotic for uncomplicated UTIs in adults?

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 37

Which of the following can be a potential complication of an upper UTI?

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis

Answer

Urethritis

Answer

Prostatitis

Answer

Cystitis

Question 38

What is the recommended duration of antibiotic therapy for an uncomplicated lower UTI?

Accepted Answer

3-7 days

Answer

1-3 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

10-14 days

Question 39

What is a common reason for antibiotic resistance in UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate antibiotic use

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Frequent intake of probiotics

Answer

High vitamin C intake

Question 40

Which of the following is a recommended non-pharmacological preventive measure for UTIs?

Accepted Answer

Adequate fluid intake

Answer

Vaginal douching

Answer

Regular antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer

Excessive consumption of cranberry juice