History of Educational Research: Key Figures, Movements, and Milestones

Question 1

How did the scientific movement influence educational research methods and practices?

Accepted Answer

It increased reliance on standardized testing to evaluate student learning and educational practices.

Answer

It led to an exclusive focus on quantitative methods, rejecting qualitative research.

Answer

It had no significant impact on educational research methods and practices.

Question 2

Who is widely acknowledged as the 'Father of Educational Research' in the United States?

Accepted Answer

James McKeen Cattell

Answer

John Dewey

Answer

Lewis Terman

Answer

Edward Thorndike

Question 3

Which research movement highlighted the use of rigorous scientific methods and quantitative data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Progressive Education

Answer

Constructivism

Answer

Qualitative Research

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of postmodern educational research?

Accepted Answer

Goal of establishing absolute truths

Answer

Emphasis on subjective experiences

Answer

Rejection of universal and objective truths

Answer

Use of mixed methods

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of conducting a literature review in educational research?

Accepted Answer

To provide a comprehensive overview of existing research on a topic

Answer

To solely develop a research hypothesis

Answer

To directly collect data for a study

Answer

To evaluate the effectiveness of a research intervention

Question 6

Which of the following studies pioneered the systematic approach in educational research?

Accepted Answer

Torndike and Woodworth's transfer of training experiment

Answer

The Bell Curve

Answer

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Answer

Dewey's Laboratory School

Question 7

Which research paradigm emphasizes subjective experiences and meanings in educational contexts?

Accepted Answer

Interpretivism

Answer

Positivism

Answer

Critical theory

Answer

Post-structuralism

Question 8

Which of the following is not a typical feature of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on numerical data

Answer

Emphasis on inductive reasoning

Answer

Provision of in-depth understanding

Answer

Dependence on researcher interpretation

Question 9

What is the primary aim of a literature review in educational research?

Accepted Answer

To summarize existing research on a topic

Answer

To formulate a new research question

Answer

To provide recommendations for educational practice

Answer

To test a hypothesis

Question 10

What is the central goal of educational action research?

Accepted Answer

To enhance educational practice

Answer

To generate generalizable knowledge

Answer

To validate theoretical frameworks

Answer

To advocate for social change

Question 11

How does basic research differ from applied research in the field of education?

Accepted Answer

Basic research seeks theoretical understanding, while applied research focuses on solving practical problems.

Answer

Applied research seeks theoretical understanding, while basic research focuses on solving practical problems.

Answer

Basic research involves testing hypotheses, while applied research relies on inductive reasoning.

Answer

There is no distinction between basic and applied research in education.

Question 12

How can understanding the historical evolution of educational research methods and philosophies inform your approach to designing and conducting research?

Accepted Answer

Provides a foundation for understanding the strengths and limitations of different research methodologies.

Answer

Offers no valuable insights into current research practices.

Answer

Mandates specific methodologies for all research investigations.

Answer

Requires researchers to replicate historical research methods without deviation.

Question 13

How do factors like culture, socioeconomic status, and gender influence the interpretation and application of educational research findings?

Accepted Answer

They influence both the interpretation and application of research findings.

Answer

They have no influence on the interpretation or application of educational research findings.

Answer

They influence the interpretation of research findings but not the application.

Answer

They influence the application of research findings but not the interpretation.

Question 14

Which emerging trend in educational research leverages technology for data collection, analysis, and interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Big data analytics

Answer

Qualitative research methods

Answer

Historical research methods

Answer

Action research methods

Question 15

Identify the defining characteristics of the behaviorist research paradigm and its impact on educational research and current practices.

Accepted Answer

Focus on positivism, experimentation, and quantifiable results

Answer

Focus on interpretivism, qualitative methods, and personal experiences

Answer

Focus on constructivism, social interactions, and cultural influences

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT considered a major era in the history of educational research?

Accepted Answer

Ancient Era

Answer

Scientific Era

Answer

Pre-Scientific Era

Answer

Post-Positivist Era

Question 17

During the Pre-Scientific Era of educational research, which research method was most frequently employed?

Accepted Answer

Introspection

Answer

Experimentation

Answer

Survey

Answer

Observation

Question 18

A major criticism of the Scientific Era in educational research was its:

Accepted Answer

Over-reliance on quantitative methods

Answer

Lack of rigor

Answer

Ethical concerns

Answer

Bias towards certain research questions

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of Post-Positivist educational research?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on qualitative methods

Answer

Experimental design

Answer

Generalizability

Answer

Objectivity

Question 20

Which of the following is a critical distinction between qualitative and quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Nature of data collected

Answer

Research design

Answer

Sample size

Answer

Purpose of the study

Question 21

In the context of educational research, which of the following is the most significant ethical consideration?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the rights of participants

Answer

Ensuring research validity

Answer

Maintaining confidentiality

Answer

Avoiding bias

Question 22

Why is the history of educational research significant?

Accepted Answer

Provides context for understanding current practices

Answer

Offers solutions to contemporary educational problems

Answer

Predicts future directions of the field