Database Design Principles: Master the Fundamentals of Data Modeling

Question 1

Which database type is optimal for an application demanding high throughput and minimal latency?

Accepted Answer

NoSQL database

Answer

Relational database

Answer

Object-oriented database

Question 2

How do you best represent a many-to-many relationship between students and courses in an ER model?

Accepted Answer

Create separate entities for students and courses, linking them with a bridging entity.

Answer

Combine students and courses into a single entity with a composite key of student ID and course ID.

Answer

Use a single entity for students and courses, adding an attribute to indicate course enrollment.

Answer

Create a separate entity for each unique student-course combination.

Question 3

Which data modeling technique visually depicts relationships between entities and their attributes using a diagram?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagram

Answer

Data flow diagram

Answer

Use case diagram

Answer

State transition diagram

Question 4

In a relational database, the primary purpose of a foreign key is to:

Accepted Answer

Enforce referential integrity

Answer

Optimize query performance

Answer

Ensure data consistency

Answer

Prevent data duplication

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Faster query performance

Question 6

The primary goal of database design is to:

Accepted Answer

Create a database that fulfills user requirements

Answer

Optimize database performance

Answer

Ensure data security

Answer

Minimize data storage space

Question 7

Which data modeling approach is best suited for capturing intricate relationships and hierarchical structures?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical Model

Answer

Network Model

Answer

Relational Model

Question 8

Which normal form does the following relational database schema adhere to: Students(ID, Name, Address, Major, GPA)?

Accepted Answer

First Normal Form (1NF)

Answer

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Answer

Third Normal Form (3NF)

Question 9

What is the primary objective of data integrity constraints?

Accepted Answer

To ensure data accuracy and consistency

Answer

To improve database performance

Answer

To prevent data loss

Answer

To facilitate data analysis

Question 10

Which of the following data models is characterized by a hierarchical structure?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical

Answer

Network

Answer

Relational

Answer

Object-oriented

Question 11

What is the primary function of foreign keys in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

To maintain referential integrity

Answer

To identify unique records

Answer

To improve query performance

Answer

To enforce data validation

Question 12

What is the primary function of a database schema?

Accepted Answer

To define the structure and constraints of a database

Answer

To generate database code

Answer

To document database usage

Answer

To facilitate data import/export

Question 13

Which indexing technique is most efficient for enhancing queries involving range-based searches in a large table?

Accepted Answer

B-tree

Answer

Hash index

Answer

Bitmap index

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of data normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data reliability

Answer

Elimination of data redundancy

Answer

Enhanced database performance

Answer

Improved data consistency

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a primary key in a database table?

Accepted Answer

To uniquely identify each row in the table

Answer

To enforce referential integrity

Answer

To store the minimum value in the table

Answer

To ensure data consistency

Question 16

Which data modeling technique is most commonly used to represent relationships between entities?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (E-R) modeling

Answer

Object-Oriented Modeling

Answer

Data Flow Diagramming

Answer

Use Case Modeling

Question 17

What is the role of foreign keys in database design?

Accepted Answer

To establish relationships between tables and ensure data integrity

Answer

To enforce data accuracy

Answer

To store additional information about a record

Answer

To create unique indexes

Question 18

What is the primary objective of Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate functional dependencies and ensure data integrity

Answer

To improve database performance

Answer

To simplify database design

Answer

To minimize data redundancy

Question 19

Which data type is most appropriate for storing currency values in a database?

Accepted Answer

DECIMAL

Answer

FLOAT

Answer

INTEGER

Answer

CURRENCY

Question 20

What defines the structure of unstructured data?

Accepted Answer

Lacking a fixed format or predefined organization.

Answer

Organized in tables with specific columns and rows.

Answer

Easily searchable with structured query language (SQL).

Question 21

Which data modeling technique uses graphical symbols to represent entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagram

Answer

Logical data model

Answer

Physical data model

Answer

Object-oriented modeling

Question 22

Which option is NOT a component of a primary key?

Accepted Answer

Foreign key

Answer

Candidate key

Answer

Minimal superkey

Answer

Primary key

Question 23

What is the process of transforming a logical data model into a physical data model commonly referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Physical design

Answer

Schema mapping

Answer

Database implementation

Answer

Data conversion

Question 24

What is a potential disadvantage of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased database complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data security

Answer

Increased database performance

Question 25

Which of the following is a disadvantage of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Increased database performance

Question 26

Which technique is generally discouraged for handling the challenges of Big Data?

Accepted Answer

Data duplication

Answer

Vertical partitioning

Answer

Horizontal partitioning

Answer

Hybrid partitioning

Question 27

Which of the following is a fundamental goal of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate data redundancy and maintain data integrity

Answer

To reduce the number of tables in the database solely

Answer

To improve database performance solely

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a significant benefit of utilizing a data model?

Accepted Answer

Increased development time

Answer

Enhanced flexibility for accommodating data changes

Answer

Reduced risk of data inconsistencies

Answer

Improved communication and understanding among stakeholders

Question 29

When designing a database schema, it is imperative to consider the following factors:

Accepted Answer

Data requirements, performance needs, and security concerns

Answer

User interface design solely

Answer

Storage requirements solely

Question 30

Which normal form ensures that each non-key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key and transitive dependencies are eliminated?

Accepted Answer

3NF

Answer

2NF

Answer

4NF

Answer

1NF

Question 31

In a well-designed database, data integrity is primarily maintained and enforced through the use of:

Accepted Answer

Constraints and data validation techniques

Answer

Data normalization solely

Answer

Backup and recovery procedures solely

Answer

Encryption and access control solely

Question 32

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage associated with using a relational database model?

Accepted Answer

Potential for data redundancy and anomalies

Answer

Ease and simplicity of data manipulation

Answer

Exceptional scalability to handle extremely large datasets

Answer

Robust support for complex data relationships

Question 33

In a hierarchical data model, data is organized and structured in a:

Accepted Answer

Tree-like structure with parent-child relationships

Answer

Flat table format

Answer

Network of interconnected nodes

Answer

Collection of objects and classes

Question 34

When selecting a database design approach, which of the following is a key consideration?

Accepted Answer

Type and volume of data, performance requirements, and future scalability needs

Answer

User preferences solely

Answer

Cost of implementation solely

Question 35

Which of the following is a common anti-pattern or poor practice in database design?

Accepted Answer

Storing duplicate data in multiple tables

Answer

Enforcing data integrity constraints

Answer

Using descriptive and meaningful column names

Question 36

Which factors can contribute to performance bottlenecks in a large database system?

Accepted Answer

Lack of indexes

Accepted Answer

Poor data modeling

Accepted Answer

Insufficient hardware resources

Answer

Optimal query optimization

Question 37

What is the main purpose of an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) in database design?

Accepted Answer

To visually depict the relationships between entities in a database

Answer

To generate the physical database schema

Answer

To document the data requirements of an application

Question 38

Which of the following is not a type of data dependency in a database context?

Accepted Answer

Structural dependency

Answer

Multivalued dependency

Answer

Transitive dependency

Answer

Functional dependency

Question 39

What is the key benefit of using a foreign key constraint in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

Enforces referential integrity by linking related tables

Answer

Simplifies writing queries

Answer

Improves data redundancy

Answer

Enhances data security

Question 40

When naming database tables, which of the following is considered a best practice?

Accepted Answer

Use singular, descriptive names

Answer

Use plural, generic names

Answer

Use special characters and underscores

Answer

Use acronyms and abbreviations

Question 41

What is the central aim of data modeling in database design?

Accepted Answer

To represent real-world entities and their relationships accurately

Answer

To optimize storage space

Answer

To enhance query performance

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using a NoSQL database instead of a relational database?

Accepted Answer

May not fully support ACID properties

Answer

Improved performance for very large datasets

Answer

Higher data consistency

Answer

Easier data modeling

Question 43

What is the purpose of a composite key in a database table?

Accepted Answer

To provide unique identification for rows when a single column is insufficient

Answer

To prevent data redundancy

Answer

To simplify writing queries

Question 44

What is the distinction between logical and physical database design?

Accepted Answer

Logical design focuses on data representation, while physical design focuses on data storage and access

Answer

Logical design is more critical than physical design

Question 45

Which of the following is **NOT** a primary goal of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing data redundancy to reduce storage space.

Answer

Simplifying data retrieval and update operations.

Answer

Improving data consistency by enforcing referential integrity.

Answer

Eliminating data anomalies to ensure data integrity.

Question 46

You are designing a database for a library. Which entity is most appropriate to represent the connection between a book and its author?

Accepted Answer

Book_Author

Answer

Author

Answer

Book

Answer

Library

Question 47

A database schema is in 3NF (Third Normal Form) if it is in 2NF and:

Accepted Answer

No non-key attribute is dependent on any other non-key attribute.

Answer

All attributes are dependent on the primary key.

Answer

There are no repeating groups of attributes.

Answer

The database is free from data redundancy.

Question 48

What symbol in an ER diagram represents a relationship?

Accepted Answer

Diamond

Answer

Triangle

Answer

Rectangle

Answer

Circle

Question 49

A database design with a high level of data redundancy is prone to which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

Data anomalies

Answer

Improved query performance

Answer

Reduced storage space requirements

Answer

Enhanced data security

Question 50

A student can enroll in multiple courses, and a course can be taken by multiple students.  What type of relationship exists between Student and Course?

Accepted Answer

Many-to-many

Answer

One-to-many

Answer

No relationship

Answer

One-to-one

Question 51

What is the primary purpose of a foreign key in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

To enforce referential integrity and ensure relationships between tables.

Answer

To uniquely identify rows in a table.

Answer

To improve data security by restricting access to specific data.

Answer

To store data that is not directly related to the primary key.

Question 52

Which of the following is a significant advantage of using a database management system (DBMS)?

Accepted Answer

Improved data consistency and integrity.

Answer

Increased risk of data loss due to single points of failure.

Answer

Elimination of the need for data modeling and schema design.

Answer

Reduced need for data backup and recovery procedures.

Question 53

What is the core objective of normalization when designing a database?

Accepted Answer

To minimize data redundancy and improve data integrity.

Answer

To make data retrieval faster.

Answer

To increase data storage capacity.

Answer

To simplify the process of database administration.

Question 54

You have a database with tables for Students, Courses, and Enrollments. Which statement is accurate regarding the relationship between these tables?

Accepted Answer

The Enrollments table will have foreign keys referencing both Students and Courses.

Answer

There is no need for foreign keys as the relationships are implied.

Answer

The Courses table will have a foreign key referencing the Enrollments table.

Answer

The Students table will have a foreign key referencing the Enrollments table.