Data Types and Structures: Master the Fundamentals of Data Representation

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in the C programming language?

Accepted Answer

struct

Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

char

Question 2

Which data type is **not** considered primitive in most programming languages?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

Boolean

Answer

Character

Question 3

Which of the following data types in C++ is NOT considered primitive?

Accepted Answer

string

Answer

int

Answer

char

Answer

float

Question 4

Which of the following is a valid record declaration using Python dictionary syntax?

Accepted Answer

myRecord = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}

Answer

myRecord = (('name', 'John'), ('age', 30))

Answer

myRecord = {'name', 'John', 'age', 30}

Answer

myRecord = (('name', 'John'), ('age', '30'))

Question 5

What is the expected output of the following Python code snippet? print(type([]))

Accepted Answer

list

Answer

int

Answer

tuple

Answer

dictionary

Question 6

What is the time complexity of performing a linear search on an unsorted array of size 'n'?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 7

What is the primary distinction between a queue and a deque data structure?

Accepted Answer

Queues follow a first-in, first-out (FIFO) approach, while deques follow a last-in, first-out (LIFO) approach

Answer

Queues can only store one data type, while deques can store multiple data types

Answer

Deques are more efficient than queues

Answer

There is no difference between queues and deques

Question 8

In C++, which data type is considered primitive?

Accepted Answer

Integer

Answer

Array

Answer

String

Answer

Class

Question 9

In C, the primary purpose of a struct is to:

Accepted Answer

Create a collection of related data elements

Answer

Define a new data type

Answer

Store pointers to other data

Answer

Create a function

Question 10

Which benefit is associated with using an array?

Accepted Answer

Fast access to elements

Answer

Dynamic memory allocation

Answer

Object-oriented design

Answer

Automatic garbage collection

Question 11

What is the key distinction between a pointer and a reference in C++?

Accepted Answer

Pointers can be null, while references cannot

Answer

References can be reassigned, while pointers cannot

Answer

Pointers are stored in memory, while references are not

Answer

There is no difference between a pointer and a reference

Question 12

In Java, type casting is primarily used for:

Accepted Answer

Converting a variable from one data type to another

Answer

Creating a new instance of a class

Answer

Accessing private members of a class

Answer

Performing arithmetic operations on different data types

Question 13

When searching for an element in a binary search tree, the time complexity is:

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 14

A hashing function is described as:

Accepted Answer

A function that maps a key to a value

Answer

A function that sorts a list of elements

Answer

A function that calculates the size of a data structure

Answer

A function that generates random numbers

Question 15

In C++, the purpose of a virtual function is to:

Accepted Answer

Enable dynamic binding

Answer

Prevent inheritance

Answer

Create abstract classes

Answer

Improve code efficiency

Question 16

Arrays in C++ serve primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Store collections of elements sharing a data type.

Answer

Represent intricate objects.

Answer

Create references to other variables.

Answer

Define functions with multiple return values.

Question 17

In Python, which of the following is considered a built-in composite data type?

Accepted Answer

List

Answer

Integer

Answer

Character

Answer

Float

Question 18

In C#, structs and classes differ primarily in that:

Accepted Answer

Structs are value types, while classes are reference types.

Answer

Classes can inherit from multiple base classes, while structs cannot.

Answer

Structs can include methods, while classes cannot.

Answer

There is no fundamental difference between structs and classes.

Question 19

Data encapsulation primarily aims to:

Accepted Answer

Conceal an object's implementation details from the program.

Answer

Enhance program performance.

Answer

Facilitate data exchange between objects.

Answer

Prevent data from being corrupted.

Question 20

For a sorted array, binary search exhibits a time complexity of:

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(1)

Question 21

A hash table's advantage over a linked list primarily lies in its:

Accepted Answer

Faster lookup time

Answer

More efficient memory consumption

Answer

Easier implementation

Answer

Greater versatility

Question 22

Distinguish between a parameter and a return value in a function:

Accepted Answer

A parameter is an input, while a return value is an output.

Answer

A return value is an input, while a parameter is an output.

Answer

Parameters and return values are interchangeable.

Answer

Parameters are defined within a function, while return values are defined outside.

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of an array data structure?

Accepted Answer

Storing a collection of elements of the same type

Answer

Organizing data in a hierarchical structure

Answer

Representing data in a relational database format

Answer

Implementing object-oriented programming concepts

Question 24

Which of the following is not considered a type of composite data structure?

Accepted Answer

Primitive

Answer

Record

Answer

Enumeration

Answer

Union

Question 25

Which data structure is most suitable for implementing a queue data structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked list

Answer

Array

Answer

Stack

Answer

Tree

Question 26

What is the primary advantage of using a linked list over an array data structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked lists can dynamically adjust their size based on data requirements.

Answer

Linked lists provide faster access to data compared to arrays.

Answer

Linked lists consume less memory than arrays.

Answer

Linked lists offer enhanced security measures compared to arrays.

Question 27

Which sorting algorithm is considered the most efficient in terms of time complexity?

Accepted Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Bubble sort

Answer

Insertion sort

Answer

Selection sort

Question 28

What is the time complexity of a binary search algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 29

Which data structure is the most suitable choice for representing a hierarchical data structure?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Graph

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Question 30

What is the primary purpose of using a hash table data structure?

Accepted Answer

Efficient lookup of key-value pairs

Answer

Storing data in a sorted order

Answer

Representing data in a graph format

Answer

Implementing a queue data structure

Question 31

Which of the following is a characteristic of a record data structure?

Accepted Answer

Stores related data items together

Answer

Provides random access to individual elements

Answer

Has a dynamically adjustable size

Answer

Supports object-oriented programming principles

Question 32

What is the key difference between a pointer and a reference in C++?

Accepted Answer

Pointers can be null, while references cannot.

Answer

References are automatically dereferenced, while pointers must be manually dereferenced.

Answer

Pointers can point to any data type, while references can only point to objects.

Answer

Pointers and references are essentially the same concept in C++.

Question 33

What is the typical time complexity of searching for an element in a linked list?

Accepted Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 34

In object-oriented programming, what is the main goal of encapsulation?

Accepted Answer

Concealing data

Answer

Reusing code

Answer

Managing errors

Answer

Optimizing memory

Question 35

For search operations, which data structure typically offers superior efficiency: a binary search tree or a hash table?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

Both are equally efficient

Question 36

Which data structure is designed to store multiple values of different types as a single unit?

Accepted Answer

Record

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in the C programming language?

Accepted Answer

struct

Answer

int

Answer

float

Answer

char

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a primitive data type in Python?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

boolean

Answer

float

Answer

int

Question 39

What is an array?

Accepted Answer

A data structure that stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type

Answer

A reserved keyword in Java

Answer

A pointer to a specific memory location

Answer

A data structure that stores data in hierarchical form

Question 40

Which of the following is a composite data type in C++?

Accepted Answer

Struct

Answer

float

Answer

int

Answer

char

Question 41

What is the purpose of a pointer?

Accepted Answer

To reference a memory location and access the data stored at that location

Answer

To declare a variable

Answer

To call a function

Answer

To store a value

Question 42

Which of the following is a linear data structure?

Accepted Answer

Queue

Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Tree

Answer

Graph

Question 43

What is an advantage of using a hash table?

Accepted Answer

Fast look-up and insertion on average

Answer

Hierarchical organization of data

Answer

Ordered storage of data

Answer

Efficient memory usage in all cases

Question 44

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree on average?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(1)

Question 45

What is the difference between a stack and a queue?

Accepted Answer

A stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) while a queue follows FIFO (First In First Out)

Answer

A stack stores elements in contiguous memory locations while a queue does not

Answer

A stack is used for recursion while a queue is used for iteration

Question 46

Which data type is most suitable for storing a student's Grade Point Average (GPA), which typically has a decimal value?

Accepted Answer

Float

Answer

Integer

Answer

Boolean

Answer

String

Question 47

What is the main advantage of using an array data structure?

Accepted Answer

Efficient access to elements stored in contiguous memory locations.

Answer

Ability to store diverse data types within the same array.

Answer

Flexibility in changing the size of the data structure after creation.

Question 48

Which data structure follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle, where the last element added is the first to be removed?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Tree

Question 49

To store information about a book, including its title, author, and publication year, which data structure would be most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Record (or Struct)

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Question 50

What does a pointer variable store?

Accepted Answer

The memory address of another variable.

Answer

The value of another variable.

Answer

The size of another variable.

Answer

The data type of another variable.

Question 51

Which data type is commonly used to represent logical values, such as 'true' or 'false'?

Accepted Answer

Boolean

Answer

Character

Answer

Float

Answer

Integer

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT considered a primitive data type?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Integer

Answer

Character

Answer

Float

Question 53

What is the primary benefit of using a linked list data structure?

Accepted Answer

Dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion or deletion of elements.

Answer

Storing data in a contiguous memory location.

Answer

Implementing a stack or queue.

Question 54

A binary tree data structure is particularly efficient for:

Accepted Answer

Searching, inserting, and deleting elements.

Answer

Implementing a queue.

Answer

Processing data in a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) manner.

Answer

Storing data in a sequential order.

Question 55

Which data structure is best suited for implementing a dictionary, where keys are mapped to corresponding values?

Accepted Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Stack

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List