Physical Chemistry II: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which assumption is NOT a part of the kinetic theory of gases?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles do not interact or exert forces on one another.

Answer

Gas particles are point masses with negligible volume.

Answer

Gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit random motion.

Answer

The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Question 2

Which factors does the van der Waals equation consider that the ideal gas law does not?

Accepted Answer

Volume excluded by molecules and attractive forces between them

Answer

Only volume excluded by molecules

Answer

Only attractive forces between molecules

Answer

Neither volume excluded by molecules nor attractive forces between them

Question 3

Which equation accurately represents the van der Waals equation, which describes the behavior of real gases?

Accepted Answer

PV = nRT + an^2/V^2 - nb/V

Answer

PV = nRT + V_m^2

Answer

PV = nRT + n^2a/V^2

Answer

PV = nRT - an^2/V^2 + nb/V

Question 4

In a catalytic converter, which factor is NOT relevant to the rate at which harmful exhaust gases are converted into less harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Type of fuel used in the vehicle

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Concentration of reactants

Answer

Surface area of solid catalysts

Question 5

In the van der Waals equation, which constant accounts for the volume occupied by the gas molecules?

Accepted Answer

Van der Waals constant (a)

Answer

Ideal Gas Constant (R)

Answer

Temperature (T)

Answer

Pressure (P)

Question 6

Which factor does NOT influence the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a catalyst

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Concentration of reactants and products

Question 7

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Volume of the reaction vessel

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Concentration of reactants

Answer

Surface area of solid reactants

Question 8

In a closed system undergoing a spontaneous process, what happens to the entropy of the system and its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

System and surroundings entropy both increase.

Answer

System entropy increases, surroundings entropy decreases.

Answer

System entropy remains constant, surroundings entropy increases.

Answer

System entropy decreases, surroundings entropy remains constant.

Question 9

Which factor does **not** affect the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction at equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Nature of the catalyst used

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Concentration of reactants and products

Question 10

In homogeneous systems, which factor does NOT affect the reaction rate?

Accepted Answer

Phase of the reactants

Answer

Concentration of reactants

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Presence of a catalyst

Question 11

Which statement accurately describes the significance of the van der Waals equation?

Accepted Answer

It corrects the ideal gas law by considering intermolecular forces and excluded volume, enhancing its accuracy for real gases.

Answer

It is only applicable to gases under extreme pressure and temperature conditions.

Answer

It can be used to calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of a liquid.

Answer

It is simpler than the ideal gas law due to its lack of correction terms.

Question 12

For the chemical reaction A(g) + B(g) <=> C(g) + D(g), which expression represents the equilibrium constant (K) based on the Law of Mass Action?

Accepted Answer

K = [C][D]/[A][B]

Answer

K = [A][B]/[C][D]

Answer

K = [A][B]/[C]

Answer

K = [C]+[D]/[A]+[B]

Question 13

Which characteristic distinguishes the van der Waals equation from the ideal gas law?

Accepted Answer

It accounts for attractive forces between gas molecules.

Answer

It applies only to ideal gases.

Answer

It always provides more accurate predictions.

Answer

It predicts a decrease in pressure as volume increases.

Question 14

Which of the following factors **does not** directly affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Volume of the reaction vessel

Answer

Concentration of reactants

Answer

Temperature

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the van der Waals equation?

Accepted Answer

Predicts the behavior of real gases that deviate from the ideal gas law due to intermolecular interactions

Answer

Corrects the ideal gas law only for the size of gas molecules

Answer

Is always more accurate than the ideal gas law for all real gases

Answer

Simplifies the Peng-Robinson equation of state

Question 16

Which equation correctly describes the van der Waals equation of state for a real gas?

Accepted Answer

(P + a(n/V)^2) * (V - nb) = nRT

Answer

PV = nRT

Answer

PV^2 = nRT

Answer

P = nRT/(V - nb)

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT influence whether a reaction is spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

Reaction rate

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Question 18

The rate law for a second-order reaction typically follows the expression:

Accepted Answer

rate = k[A]^2

Answer

rate = k[A]

Answer

rate = k[A]^3

Question 19

A key property of a solid surface is its:

Accepted Answer

High surface energy

Answer

Low surface tension

Answer

High porosity

Answer

Impermeability

Question 20

The van der Waals forces between molecules primarily arise due to:

Accepted Answer

Induced dipole-induced dipole interactions

Answer

Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Question 21

The activation energy of a chemical reaction refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Minimum energy required to initiate the reaction

Answer

Change in free energy between reactants and products

Answer

Rate of the reaction at standard conditions

Answer

Maximum energy released during the reaction

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous electrochemical process?

Accepted Answer

Discharging a battery

Answer

Electrolysis of water

Answer

Charging a battery

Answer

Plating of silver on copper

Question 23

The surface tension of a liquid is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Intermolecular forces between liquid molecules

Answer

Electrostatic forces on the liquid's surface

Answer

Gravitational forces within the liquid

Answer

Colligative properties of the liquid

Question 24

Which of the following is a characteristic of a zero-order reaction?

Accepted Answer

The rate of reaction is independent of the concentrations of the reactants.

Answer

The rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of one reactant.

Answer

The rate of reaction is proportional to the sum of the concentrations of the reactants.

Answer

The rate of reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of one reactant.

Question 25

The Gibbs free energy of a chemical process represents:

Accepted Answer

The maximum amount of work that can be done by the process

Answer

The change in entropy of the system

Answer

The change in enthalpy of the system

Answer

The sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume

Question 26

Which property is **not** a colligative property of solutions?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 27

Describe how colligative properties are practically applied in various fields, such as medicine, environmental science, and food chemistry.

Accepted Answer

Freezing point depression in antifreeze and its importance in automotive engineering

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation in power plants and its implications for energy production

Accepted Answer

Osmotic pressure in reverse osmosis and its applications in water purification

Question 28

An equilibrium reaction is represented as: 2NO2(g) <=> N2O4(g) + heat. What will happen to the equilibrium position if the temperature is increased?

Accepted Answer

Equilibrium shifts right.

Answer

Equilibrium shifts left.

Answer

Equilibrium does not change.

Answer

Cannot be determined.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a physisorption process?

Accepted Answer

Adsorption of gases on solids

Answer

Chemisorption of hydrogen on platinum

Answer

Formation of covalent bonds between gas molecules and a surface

Answer

Irreversible binding of molecules to a surface

Question 30

What is the standard reduction potential of the standard hydrogen electrode?

Accepted Answer

0.00 V

Answer

1.00 V

Answer

2.00 V

Answer

3.00 V

Question 31

Which expression is the rate law for a reaction?

Accepted Answer

An equation showing the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of the reactants

Answer

An equation that describes the products of a reaction

Answer

A constant that is independent of reactant concentrations

Answer

A graphical plot of the progress of a reaction

Question 32

How do surface properties of a catalyst, like roughness, porosity, and active site distribution, affect its catalytic activity?

Accepted Answer

Surface roughness increases active sites, boosting catalytic activity.

Accepted Answer

Porosity enables reactants to penetrate deeper, enhancing catalytic activity.

Answer

Active site distribution has no impact on catalytic activity.

Answer

A uniform distribution of active sites is not optimal for catalytic activity.

Question 33

What is the definition of activation energy in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

The minimum energy required for a reaction to start

Answer

The energy difference between the reactants and products

Answer

The energy released during a reaction

Answer

The maximum energy of the reactants

Question 34

Which of the following surface characterization techniques can generate atomic-scale images of a surface?

Accepted Answer

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)

Answer

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Answer

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Answer

Ellipsometry

Question 35

Which type of interaction is NOT a recognized form of surface adsorption?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Physisorption

Answer

Chemisorption

Answer

Langmuir adsorption

Question 36

Which technique is commonly employed in the study of surface chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Scanning tunneling microscopy

Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Infrared spectroscopy

Answer

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Question 37

Which of the following correctly defines Gibbs free energy?

Accepted Answer

A measure of the maximum non-expansion work that can be obtained from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure

Answer

A measure of the enthalpy of a system

Answer

A measure of the entropy of a system

Question 38

Surface tension of a liquid is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The force acting per unit length on the surface of the liquid

Answer

The pressure exerted by the liquid on its surroundings

Answer

The viscosity of the liquid

Question 39

What is the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of a weak acid, denoted as HA?

Accepted Answer

Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]

Answer

Ka = [A-] / [HA]

Answer

Ka = [HA] / [H+][A-]

Answer

Ka = [H+][HA] / [A-]

Question 40

What is the primary driving force for spontaneous reactions?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in free energy

Answer

Increase in enthalpy

Answer

Increase in volume

Answer

Increase in entropy

Question 41

Which of the following correctly represents the Gibbs free energy change in an isothermal process?

Accepted Answer

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Answer

ΔG = ΔH + TΔS

Answer

ΔG = ΔS - TΔH

Answer

ΔG = TΔS - ΔH

Question 42

The standard reduction potential of a half-reaction measures the:

Accepted Answer

Tendency of the reaction to occur as a reduction

Answer

Activation energy of the reaction

Answer

Equilibrium constant of the reaction

Answer

Rate of the reaction

Question 43

The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is represented by which equation?

Accepted Answer

θ = K*P/(1+K*P)

Answer

θ = P/(1+K*P)

Answer

θ = K/(1+K*P)

Answer

θ = 1/(1+K*P)

Question 44

The Gibbs free energy change is calculated using the formula:

Accepted Answer

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Answer

ΔG = ΔH + TΔS

Answer

ΔG = ΔS - TΔH

Answer

ΔG = TΔH - ΔS

Question 45

A spontaneous reaction is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Negative ΔG

Answer

Positive ΔH

Answer

Zero ΔG

Answer

Positive ΔG

Question 46

What does a reaction's rate law express?

Accepted Answer

Dependence of reaction rate on reactant concentrations

Answer

Reaction's activation energy

Answer

Products of a reaction

Answer

Reaction's equilibrium constant

Question 47

Which of these is NOT a type of electrochemical cell?

Accepted Answer

Photovoltaic cell

Answer

Galvanic cell

Answer

Electrolytic cell

Answer

Fuel cell

Question 48

Which of the following is the rate law for a first-order reaction?

Accepted Answer

Rate = k[A]

Answer

Rate = k/[A]

Answer

Rate = k[A]^0.5

Answer

Rate = k[A][B]

Question 49

The activation energy for a reaction is lowered when a catalyst is present. Which of the following statements accurately describes this effect?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst provides an alternate reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier.

Answer

A catalyst increases the concentration of reactants.

Answer

A catalyst shifts the equilibrium towards products.

Question 50

Which characteristic is unique to an electrochemical cell?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy

Answer

Absorption of light

Answer

Production of heat

Answer

Change in volume

Question 51

A first-order reaction has a half-life of 100 s. Calculate the rate constant (k) for this reaction.

Accepted Answer

0.00693 s^-1

Answer

0.01 s^-1

Answer

100 s^-1

Answer

0.0693 s^-1

Question 52

Which of the following best describes a non-ideal solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution that exhibits deviations from Raoult's law

Answer

A solution that has a constant boiling point

Answer

A solution that has a constant freezing point

Question 53

Which of the following reactions is an example of heterogeneous catalysis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation of alkenes on a metal surface

Answer

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by MnO2 in homogeneous solution

Answer

Addition of HBr to alkenes

Answer

Hydrolysis of esters in aqueous solution

Question 54

The rate law for a reaction is determined to be rate = k[A]^2[B]. What is the order of the reaction with respect to reactant A?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

Cannot be determined from the given information

Answer

1

Answer

0.5

Question 55

Which of the following surfaces is most likely to exhibit hydrophobic behavior?

Accepted Answer

Surface with a high density of nonpolar groups

Answer

Surface with a high surface tension

Answer

Surface with a low surface tension

Answer

Surface with a high density of polar groups

Question 56

What is the purpose of using a reference electrode in an electrochemical cell?

Accepted Answer

To provide a stable and reproducible potential

Answer

To measure the potential difference between the electrodes

Answer

To consume the reactants in the cell

Answer

To generate the current flow in the cell

Question 57

Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Completely dissociates into ions in solution

Answer

Partially dissociates into ions in solution

Answer

Behaves as a weak acid or base in solution

Answer

Does not dissociate into ions in solution

Question 58

In an electrochemical cell, which electrode undergoes the process of reduction?

Accepted Answer

Cathode

Answer

Electrolyte

Answer

Anode

Answer

Salt bridge

Question 59

Identify the equation that represents the Half-Cell Reaction occurring at the anode of a galvanic cell:

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Neutralization

Question 60

Which technique is commonly employed to study the kinetics of rapid reactions?

Accepted Answer

Stopped-flow spectroscopy

Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Answer

Infrared spectroscopy

Question 61

The Nernst equation relates the cell potential of an electrochemical cell to:

Accepted Answer

Standard cell potential and concentrations of reactants and products

Answer

Applied voltage and temperature

Answer

Equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy

Question 62

Which type of adsorption isotherm describes a single layer of molecules covering the surface?

Accepted Answer

Langmuir isotherm

Answer

Gibbs isotherm

Answer

BET isotherm

Answer

Freundlich isotherm

Question 63

For a first-order reaction, the relationship between the rate constant and half-life is:

Accepted Answer

Rate constant is inversely proportional to half-life

Answer

Rate constant is equal to half-life

Answer

Rate constant is directly proportional to half-life

Answer

Rate constant and half-life are not related

Question 64

Which statement accurately describes heterogeneous catalysis?

Accepted Answer

The catalyst provides an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

Answer

The catalyst is consumed during the reaction.

Answer

The catalyst increases the equilibrium constant of the reaction.