Solutions: Properties, Behavior, and Applications

Question 1

Define the term 'solubility'.

Accepted Answer

The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

Answer

The rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent

Answer

The concentration of a solution at equilibrium

Answer

The amount of solvent required to dissolve a given amount of solute

Question 2

Which factor does NOT influence the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

Accepted Answer

Stirring speed

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Nature of the solvent

Question 3

Given a solution containing 2 moles of KCl with a freezing point of -6.3 °C, determine the molal freezing-point depression constant (Kf) for water.

Accepted Answer

3.72 °C/m

Answer

1.86 °C/m

Answer

5.58 °C/m

Answer

7.44 °C/m

Question 4

Describe the effect of increasing the concentration of a solution on its vapor pressure.

Accepted Answer

Increases

Answer

Decreases

Answer

No change

Answer

Can increase or decrease depending on the solution

Question 5

The number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent is known as:

Accepted Answer

Molality

Answer

Molarity

Answer

Normality

Answer

Weight percentage

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 7 at 25 °C is:

Accepted Answer

Neutral

Answer

Acidic

Answer

Basic

Answer

Buffered

Question 7

Which of the following mixtures is homogeneous?

Accepted Answer

Salt dissolved in water

Answer

Oil floating on water

Answer

Sand mixed with water

Answer

Iron filings sprinkled on sulfur

Question 8

The process of separating a solute from a solvent using a semipermeable membrane that allows the solvent to pass through but not the solute is known as:

Accepted Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Distillation

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Chromatography

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal solution?

Accepted Answer

Significant solute-solvent interactions

Answer

Zero volume change on mixing

Answer

Zero heat change on mixing

Answer

Components obey Raoult's law

Question 10

A solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of NaCl in 100.0 g of water. Calculate the mass percentage of NaCl in the solution.

Accepted Answer

9.1%

Answer

10.0%

Answer

18.2%

Answer

20.0%

Question 11

Which of the following is a colligative property of solutions?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Density

Answer

Solubility

Answer

Color

Question 12

Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M solution of HCl.

Accepted Answer

0

Answer

1

Answer

7

Answer

14

Question 13

Which of the following solutions would have the highest electrical conductivity?

Accepted Answer

0.1 M NaCl

Answer

0.1 M CH3OH

Answer

0.1 M NH3

Answer

0.1 M H2O

Question 14

Which of the following is a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer

A solution with a pH of 7

Answer

A solution with a high concentration of H+

Answer

A solution with a low concentration of OH-

Question 15

The concentration unit that expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution is:

Accepted Answer

Molarity (M)

Answer

Molality (m)

Answer

Mole fraction

Answer

Weight percent

Question 16

Among the given substances, which one exhibits the highest solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Answer

Sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

Answer

Oil

Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 17

The freezing point of a solution is typically:

Accepted Answer

Lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer

Higher than the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer

Unchanged by the presence of the solute

Answer

Depends on the nature of the solute

Question 18

A solution containing 0.1 M NaCl implies the presence of:

Accepted Answer

0.1 moles/L of Na⁺ and 0.1 moles/L of Cl⁻

Answer

0.2 moles/L of Na⁺ and 0.1 moles/L of Cl⁻

Answer

0.1 moles/L of NaCl

Answer

0.2 moles/L of NaCl

Question 19

The concentration unit that expresses the number of moles of solute per liter of solution is:

Accepted Answer

Molarity

Answer

Molality

Answer

Mole fraction

Answer

Mass percent

Question 20

Which of the following colligative properties describes the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Vapor pressure lowering

Answer

Freezing point depression

Answer

Osmotic pressure

Question 21

A solution with a pH of 7 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Neutral

Answer

Acidic

Answer

Basic

Answer

Saturated

Question 22

Which of the following chemical reactions typically forms ions in water?

Accepted Answer

Acid-base reaction

Answer

Precipitation reaction

Answer

Combustion reaction

Answer

Double displacement reaction

Question 23

The process by which a semipermeable membrane separates dissolved particles from a solution is called:

Accepted Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Titration

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Crystallization

Question 24

A characteristic of a saturated solution is that it:

Accepted Answer

Is in equilibrium between dissolved and undissolved solute

Answer

Contains undissolved solute particles

Answer

Can dissolve more solute

Answer

Exhibits a lower freezing point than the pure solvent

Question 25

The mole fraction of a component in a mixture is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Amount of component / Total amount of mixture

Answer

Amount of component / Amount of solvent

Answer

Amount of component / Amount of solute

Answer

Amount of solute / Total amount of mixture

Question 26

The van't Hoff factor for a compound that dissociates into two ions in solution is:

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 27

Which of the following substances is an example of a non-electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Ammonium hydroxide

Question 28

A solution with a concentration of 0.5 moles per liter (M) of NaCl contains:

Accepted Answer

0.5 moles of NaCl per liter of solution

Answer

0.5 grams of NaCl per liter of solution

Answer

50 grams of NaCl per liter of solution

Answer

500 grams of NaCl per liter of solution

Question 29

The conjugate acid of the base NH3 is:

Accepted Answer

NH4+

Answer

NH2-

Answer

H3O+

Answer

OH-

Question 30

A solution with a pH less than 7 is:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Basic

Answer

Amphoteric

Question 31

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Answer

CH3OH

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Question 32

The freezing point of a solution is:

Accepted Answer

Lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer

Higher than the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer

Equal to the freezing point of the pure solvent

Answer

Unpredictable

Question 33

A saturated solution is one in which:

Accepted Answer

The concentration of the solution is equal to the solubility of the solute

Answer

The solute precipitates out of solution

Answer

More solute can be dissolved in the solution

Answer

The solution is diluted with water

Question 34

The process of separating a solid from a liquid using a semipermeable membrane is known as:

Accepted Answer

Dialysis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Distillation

Question 35

Which of the following substances is insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil

Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Ethanol

Question 36

What is the standard unit of concentration in the International System of Units (SI)?

Accepted Answer

Molarity (M)

Answer

Mass percent (%)

Answer

Parts per million (ppm)

Answer

Grams per liter (g/L)

Question 37

Which of the following properties is referred to as a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

Boiling point elevation

Answer

Density

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Reactivity

Question 38

What type of interaction occurs between water molecules and solute ions?

Accepted Answer

Ion-dipole interaction

Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Question 39

Which of the following solutions contains the maximum amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature?

Accepted Answer

A solution with the maximum amount of solute it can dissolve at a given temperature

Answer

A solution with more solute than it can dissolve at a given temperature

Answer

A solution with less solute than it can dissolve at a given temperature

Answer

A solution with no solute

Question 40

Which of the following substances is a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Sucrose