Fluid Mechanics Basics: Master the Fundamentals of Fluid Behavior

Question 1

The pressure in a fluid at a given depth is:

Accepted Answer

Proportional to fluid depth

Answer

Independent of fluid density

Answer

Proportional to fluid velocity

Answer

Inversely proportional to fluid viscosity

Question 2

The Bernoulli equation is applicable to which type of fluids?

Accepted Answer

Inviscid, incompressible fluids

Answer

Viscous, compressible fluids

Answer

Newtonian fluids only

Answer

Non-Newtonian fluids only

Question 3

The boundary layer in fluid flow is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

High velocity gradients

Answer

Low pressure gradients

Answer

Turbulent flow

Answer

Laminar flow

Question 4

Which of the following is **NOT** a type of fluid friction?

Accepted Answer

Inertial drag

Answer

Skin friction

Answer

Form drag

Answer

Pressure drag

Question 5

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a tool used for:

Accepted Answer

Numerical simulation of fluid flow

Answer

Experimental measurement of fluid flow

Answer

Analytical solution of fluid flow problems

Answer

Design of fluid systems

Question 6

Which property of a fluid is NOT a fundamental property?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Density

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Specific heat

Question 7

Gauge pressure at a point in a fluid is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure

Answer

Atmospheric pressure minus absolute pressure

Answer

Difference between absolute pressure and vapor pressure

Answer

Sum of absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure

Question 8

Which statement is NOT a consequence of Pascal's principle?

Accepted Answer

Pressure at a depth in a fluid is independent of the shape or orientation of the container

Answer

Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions

Answer

Hydraulic lifts can amplify force

Answer

Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Question 9

The continuity equation in fluid dynamics represents the conservation of:

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Momentum

Answer

Energy

Answer

Volume

Question 10

Which assumption is crucial in the development of the Navier-Stokes equations?

Accepted Answer

Newtonian fluid

Answer

Incompressible fluid

Answer

Steady flow

Answer

Laminar flow

Question 11

Which of the following fluid properties measures its resistance to flow?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Density

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Temperature

Question 12

The force exerted by a fluid perpendicular to a surface is known as:

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Shear stress

Answer

Normal stress

Answer

Buoyancy

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents the conservation of mass in fluid flow?

Accepted Answer

ρ₁A₁v₁ = ρ₂A₂v₂

Answer

Q = Av

Answer

F = ma

Answer

Pv = constant

Question 14

Laminar flow occurs when the Reynolds number is:

Accepted Answer

Less than 2000

Answer

Between 2000 and 4000

Answer

Greater than 4000

Answer

Equal to zero

Question 15

Which of the following devices converts fluid energy into mechanical energy?

Accepted Answer

Turbine

Answer

Pump

Answer

Valve

Answer

Meter

Question 16

When a fluid is at rest, it exerts pressure:

Accepted Answer

Equally in all directions

Answer

Only on the bottom surface of its container

Answer

Only on the sides of its container

Answer

Only on surfaces in contact with an external force

Question 17

Which type of flow is characterized by smooth, distinct layers of fluid?

Accepted Answer

Laminar flow

Answer

Turbulent flow

Answer

Viscous flow

Answer

Inviscid flow

Question 18

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to determine:

Accepted Answer

Flow regime

Answer

Pressure drop

Answer

Velocity profile

Answer

Buoyancy force

Question 19

The primary factor responsible for the lift force experienced by an airfoil is:

Accepted Answer

Pressure difference

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Surface tension

Question 20

The SI unit of dynamic viscosity is:

Accepted Answer

Pascal-second (Pa·s)

Answer

Newton-second (N·s)

Answer

Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m³)

Answer

Meter per second (m/s)

Question 21

Identify the property that is NOT characteristic of fluids.

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Answer

Density

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Specific gravity

Question 22

Provide the formula used to calculate hydrostatic pressure.

Accepted Answer

p = ρgh

Answer

p = F/A

Answer

v = Q/A

Answer

h = p/ρg

Question 23

Which set of equations governs fluid motion?

Accepted Answer

Navier-Stokes equations

Answer

Poisson's equation

Answer

Laplace's equation

Answer

Maxwell's equations

Question 24

Describe the fundamental difference between laminar and turbulent flow.

Accepted Answer

Laminar flow is smooth and regular, while turbulent flow is chaotic and irregular.

Answer

Laminar flow occurs at high Reynolds numbers, while turbulent flow occurs at low Reynolds numbers.

Answer

Laminar flow is more efficient than turbulent flow.

Answer

Turbulent flow is more viscous than laminar flow.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a prominent application of fluid mechanics?

Accepted Answer

Soil mechanics analysis

Answer

Aircraft design

Answer

Weather pattern modeling

Answer

Medical device development

Question 26

Explain the Bernoulli principle.

Accepted Answer

The total mechanical energy of a fluid flowing through a pipe remains constant.

Answer

The pressure of a fluid flowing through a pipe is inversely proportional to its velocity.

Answer

The velocity of a fluid flowing through a pipe is proportional to the square root of its pressure.

Answer

The temperature of a fluid flowing through a pipe remains constant.

Question 27

Explain the significance of the Reynolds number.

Accepted Answer

It helps determine the type of flow regime (laminar or turbulent).

Answer

It helps calculate the pressure drop in a pipe.

Answer

It helps design pumps and fans.

Answer

It helps analyze the stability of a fluid.

Question 28

Describe the difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.

Accepted Answer

Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity, while non-Newtonian fluids have a viscosity that varies with shear rate.

Answer

Non-Newtonian fluids are more viscous than Newtonian fluids.

Answer

Newtonian fluids are more elastic than non-Newtonian fluids.

Answer

Non-Newtonian fluids are more common in engineering applications.

Question 29

Define the concept of boundary layer in fluid mechanics.

Accepted Answer

It is a thin layer of fluid near a solid surface where the fluid velocity is zero.

Answer

It is a layer of fluid where the pressure is constant.

Answer

It is a layer of fluid where the temperature is constant.

Answer

It is a layer of fluid where the viscosity is zero.

Question 30

Which technique is NOT employed to measure fluid velocity?

Accepted Answer

Pressure transducer

Answer

Laser Doppler Velocimetry

Answer

Particle Image Velocimetry

Answer

Hot-wire anemometer

Question 31

How do biomedical engineers leverage fluid mechanics principles to design and optimize microfluidic devices?

Accepted Answer

Control fluid flow for efficient mixing, separation, and analysis.

Answer

Measure blood viscosity accurately.

Answer

Sterilize medical instruments and devices.

Answer

Design artificial heart valves.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental fluid property?

Accepted Answer

Mass

Answer

Density

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Surface tension

Question 33

The equation of continuity expresses the principle that:

Accepted Answer

Mass flow rate is constant along a streamline

Answer

Velocity is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area

Answer

Pressure is proportional to velocity

Answer

Viscosity is constant for all fluids

Question 34

Bernoulli's equation is applicable to:

Accepted Answer

Inviscid, incompressible fluids

Answer

Viscous, compressible fluids

Answer

Fluids with high Reynolds numbers

Answer

Fluids with low Reynolds numbers

Question 35

Drag force acting on a body moving through a fluid is proportional to:

Accepted Answer

Velocity squared

Answer

Velocity

Answer

Area

Answer

Density

Question 36

The lift force on an airfoil is primarily generated by:

Accepted Answer

Pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Gravity

Answer

Centrifugal force

Question 37

Which of the following fluids typically exhibits the highest viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Honey

Answer

Water

Answer

Air

Answer

Oil

Question 38

Surface tension in a fluid is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Cohesive forces between fluid molecules

Answer

Adhesive forces between fluid and container wall

Answer

Gravitational force

Answer

Buoyancy

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of fluids?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Mass density

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Specific heat

Question 40

Which device is commonly used to measure the pressure of a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Manometer

Answer

Anemometer

Answer

Pitot tube

Answer

Flowmeter

Question 41

The efficiency of a centrifugal pump is defined as the ratio of:

Accepted Answer

Power output to power input

Answer

Power input to power output

Answer

Head generated to head input

Answer

Flow rate to pressure rise

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of fluid mechanics in engineering?

Accepted Answer

Structural analysis of buildings

Answer

Design of aircraft wings

Answer

Operation of wind turbines

Answer

Flow through pipelines

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental property of fluids?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Density

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Compressibility

Question 44

The velocity of a fluid flowing through a pipe of varying cross-sectional area is:

Accepted Answer

Inversely proportional to the area

Answer

Constant

Answer

Directly proportional to the area

Answer

Independent of the area

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT an application of fluid mechanics?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing of concrete

Answer

Design of aircraft wings

Answer

Operation of hydraulic systems

Answer

Prediction of weather patterns

Question 46

The force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object is known as:

Accepted Answer

Buoyant force

Answer

Drag force

Answer

Lift force

Answer

Gravitational force

Question 47

The Bernoulli equation is valid for:

Accepted Answer

Inviscid, incompressible, steady flow

Answer

Viscous, compressible, unsteady flow

Answer

Both inviscid and viscous flows

Answer

Neither inviscid nor viscous flows

Question 48

Define a fluid as a substance that:

Accepted Answer

Deforms continuously when subjected to shear stress.

Answer

Can exist only in liquid form.

Answer

Has a high viscosity.

Answer

Has a fixed volume.

Question 49

Which property is NOT characteristic of a Newtonian fluid?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity is independent of shear rate.

Answer

Deformation is proportional to applied stress.

Answer

Stress is linearly related to shear rate.

Answer

Viscosity remains constant over time.

Question 50

What is the primary purpose of a manometer in fluid mechanics?

Accepted Answer

To measure pressure difference between two points.

Answer

To analyze fluid viscosity.

Answer

To calculate fluid density.

Answer

To determine fluid velocity.

Question 51

According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force experienced by a submerged object equals the:

Accepted Answer

Weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Answer

Weight of the object.

Answer

Volume of the object.

Answer

Density of the fluid.

Question 52

Bernoulli's equation primarily expresses the conservation of:

Accepted Answer

Energy in a fluid flow.

Answer

Momentum in a fluid flow.

Answer

Mass in a fluid flow.

Answer

Volume in a fluid flow.

Question 53

The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the:

Accepted Answer

Ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in a fluid flow.

Answer

Ratio of pressure forces to viscous forces.

Answer

Ratio of gravity forces to viscous forces.

Answer

Ratio of surface tension forces to viscous forces.

Question 54

In a fluid flow, laminar conditions typically occur when the Reynolds number is:

Accepted Answer

Below a certain critical value.

Answer

Always present.

Answer

Equal to 1.

Answer

Above a certain critical value.

Question 55

The continuity equation for an incompressible fluid is a statement of the conservation of:

Accepted Answer

Mass.

Answer

Energy.

Answer

Momentum.

Question 56

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the viscosity of a fluid?

Accepted Answer

Pressure.

Answer

Fluid composition.

Answer

Shear rate (for non-Newtonian fluids).

Answer

Temperature.