Master Basic Chemistry Concepts for Nursing: Quizzes and Study Guide

Question 1

Identify the subatomic particle that is not present in an atom.

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Proton

Question 2

What aspect of an element is represented by its atomic number?

Accepted Answer

Number of protons

Answer

Number of electrons

Answer

Number of neutrons

Answer

Number of orbitals

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Question 4

Which of the following accurately describes a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

Resists changes in pH

Answer

Has a pH of exactly 7

Answer

Contains only a strong acid or a strong base

Answer

Is neither acidic nor basic

Question 5

In methane (CH₄), the carbon atom exhibits which hybridization?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 6

Identify the polar molecule among the following options:

Accepted Answer

NH₃

Answer

H₂

Answer

CO₂

Answer

CH₄

Question 7

Calculate the molar mass of sodium chloride (NaCl).

Accepted Answer

58.5 g/mol

Answer

23 g/mol

Answer

35.5 g/mol

Answer

71 g/mol

Question 8

Which type of reaction releases energy in the form of heat?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic reaction

Answer

Endothermic reaction

Answer

Reaction with no heat change

Answer

Spontaneous reaction

Question 9

At equilibrium, the equilibrium constant (Keq) for a reaction is:

Accepted Answer

1

Answer

0

Answer

Greater than 1

Answer

Less than 1

Question 10

Identify the acid-base reaction among the following chemical equations:

Accepted Answer

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

Answer

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Answer

2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3

Question 11

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Ion

Answer

Compound

Question 12

Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 13

What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 10⁻⁷ M?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

10

Answer

14

Answer

0

Question 14

Which of the following is a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added

Answer

A solution with a low concentration of hydrogen ions

Answer

A solution that is highly reactive with other substances

Answer

A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Phosphoric acid

Question 16

Which intermolecular force is primarily responsible for the high boiling point of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

London dispersion forces

Answer

Ion-dipole interactions

Answer

Dipole-dipole interactions

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combustion reaction

Answer

Precipitation reaction

Answer

Double displacement reaction

Answer

Neutralization reaction

Question 18

Which subatomic particle is NOT a fundamental component of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Quark

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Electron

Question 19

Identify the chemical species that donates hydrogen ions (H+)?

Accepted Answer

Acid

Answer

Base

Answer

Salt

Answer

Buffer

Question 20

Identify the nonpolar molecule from the following.

Accepted Answer

Methane

Answer

Water

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Sodium chloride

Question 21

What is the chemical name for the compound with the formula NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Sodium monochloride

Answer

Chlorine sodium

Answer

Sodium chlorate

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

0.1 M CH3COOH + 0.1 M CH3COONa

Answer

Pure water

Answer

1 M HCl

Answer

0.1 M NaOH

Question 23

Determine the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6).

Accepted Answer

180 g/mol

Answer

120 g/mol

Answer

60 g/mol

Answer

150 g/mol

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT considered a subatomic particle?

Accepted Answer

Ion

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Answer

Electron

Question 25

What is the chemical symbol for sodium?

Accepted Answer

Na

Answer

Sd

Answer

So

Answer

Sm

Question 26

Which of the following bonds is classified as a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

H2O

Answer

NaCl

Answer

CaCl2

Answer

NaF

Question 27

Which of the following is a buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base

Answer

Pure water

Answer

0.1 M HCl

Answer

0.1 M NaOH

Question 28

Which of the following is considered a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Glucose

Question 29

What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion (SO42-)?

Accepted Answer

+6

Answer

-2

Answer

0

Answer

+2

Question 30

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C2H4)?

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

sp

Answer

sp3

Answer

sp3d

Question 31

Which particle is NOT a fundamental component of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Question 32

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 33

What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^-7 M?

Accepted Answer

7

Answer

0

Answer

10

Answer

14

Question 34

Which solution is considered a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A solution that resists significant pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added

Answer

A solution with a pH of 1

Answer

A solution with a pH of 13

Answer

A solution that contains only one type of ion

Question 35

What is the correct chemical formula for sodium chloride?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Answer

Na2Cl

Answer

NaCl2

Answer

Na2Cl2

Question 36

Which of the following is classified as a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Question 37

What is the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6)?

Accepted Answer

180 g/mol

Answer

120 g/mol

Answer

240 g/mol

Answer

300 g/mol

Question 38

Which characteristic is associated with an exothermic chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Heat is released

Answer

Heat is absorbed

Answer

Temperature decreases

Answer

Temperature increases

Question 39

What is the term for the process where atoms lose or gain electrons to form ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionization

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Dissociation

Question 40

Which of the following statements about atoms is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Answer

Atoms are the smallest indivisible units of matter.

Answer

All atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons.

Answer

Atoms are electrically charged.

Question 41

Which of the following is a solution that resists pH changes when small amounts of acid or base are added?

Accepted Answer

A buffer solution

Answer

A solution with a pH of 7

Answer

A solution with a high concentration of hydrogen ions

Answer

A solution with a low concentration of hydroxide ions

Question 42

What is the primary role of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Building and repairing tissues

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Transporting oxygen

Question 43

Which of the following is considered a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Answer

Phosphoric acid

Question 44

What is the molecular weight of water (H2O)?

Accepted Answer

18

Answer

16

Answer

20

Answer

22

Question 45

Which of the following molecules is nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

Methane

Answer

Water

Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Ammonia

Question 46

What type of hybridization does the carbon atom exhibit in methane (CH4)?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 47

What are the locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons within an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Answer

Protons, neutrons, and electrons all orbit the nucleus.

Answer

Electrons reside in the nucleus, while protons and neutrons orbit around it.

Question 48

Which type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 49

What property of water makes it essential for biological systems?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Answer

Low boiling point

Answer

High density at all temperatures

Answer

Non-polar nature

Question 50

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Answer

Alkaline

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Basic

Question 51

What is the primary function of a buffer in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Maintain a stable pH

Answer

Increase the rate of chemical reactions

Answer

Provide structural support for cells

Answer

Transport molecules across cell membranes

Question 52

What is NOT a product of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Reactants

Answer

Energy

Answer

Products

Answer

Byproducts

Question 53

The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones is called:

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Metabolism

Question 54

Which type of chemical reaction releases energy?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reaction

Answer

Redox reaction

Answer

Equilibrium reaction

Answer

Endergonic reaction

Question 55

A molecule that gains an electron during a chemical reaction is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced

Answer

Oxidized

Answer

Protonated

Answer

Neutralized

Question 56

Which pair of molecules are isomers?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and Fructose

Answer

Sodium chloride and Potassium chloride

Answer

Oxygen and Nitrogen

Answer

Water and Carbon dioxide