Gastrointestinal Conditions in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which clinical sign indicates dehydration in a child with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Sunken eyes

Answer

Moist mucous membranes

Answer

Good skin turgor

Answer

Brisk capillary refill time

Question 2

Which of the following interventions is most effective in managing acute diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) alone

Answer

Antidiarrheal medications alone

Answer

ORT and antidiarrheal medications together

Question 3

The primary nursing intervention for a child with moderate to severe dehydration due to diarrhea is:

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluid administration

Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Nasogastric tube feeding

Answer

Administration of antidiarrheal medications

Question 4

The recommended initial treatment for constipation in children is:

Accepted Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Laxatives

Answer

Enemas

Answer

Suppositories

Question 5

The most effective way to prevent dehydration in a child with diarrhea is to:

Accepted Answer

Provide oral rehydration solution frequently, even in small amounts

Answer

Give the child plenty of fluids to drink, such as Pedialyte or Gatorade

Answer

Restrict the child's fluid intake to prevent worsening diarrhea

Answer

Use antidiarrheal medications to stop the diarrhea

Question 6

The primary goal of nursing care for a child with constipation is to:

Accepted Answer

Stimulate bowel movements

Answer

Prevent dehydration

Answer

Manage pain and discomfort

Answer

Educate the child and family about the condition

Question 7

Which of the following interventions is appropriate for a child with loose, watery diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Offer frequent small sips of clear liquids, such as Pedialyte or water

Answer

Encourage the child to eat solid foods, such as rice or bananas

Answer

Administer antidiarrheal medications, such as Imodium

Answer

Restrict the child's activity to prevent dehydration

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Bacterial infections

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Passing hard, dry stools less than three times per week

Answer

Abdominal pain and bloating

Answer

Withholding stools

Question 10

When assessing a child with diarrhea, the nurse should focus on monitoring

Accepted Answer

Hydration status

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Temperature

Question 11

Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of diarrhea in toddlers under 2 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Parasitic infection

Answer

Lactose intolerance

Question 12

Which assessment finding is the strongest indication of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Sunken fontanelles and eyes

Answer

Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Answer

Rapid and weak pulse

Answer

Increased urination

Question 13

The primary objective of treatment for constipation in children is to:

Accepted Answer

Soften and enhance the passage of stools

Answer

Stimulate frequent bowel movements

Answer

Alleviate abdominal discomfort and pain

Answer

Prevent dehydration

Question 14

When caring for a child with a nasogastric tube, which nursing action is of paramount importance?

Accepted Answer

Regularly checking for tube placement and patency

Answer

Administering medications and fluids through the tube

Answer

Ensuring oral hygiene and comfort

Answer

Flushing the tube with normal saline every 4 hours

Question 15

Which parameter is considered the most reliable indicator of protein deficiency in children?

Accepted Answer

Serum albumin level

Answer

Weight-for-age ratio

Answer

Height-for-age ratio

Answer

Mid-upper arm circumference

Question 16

In treating gastroesophageal reflux in children, which medication is commonly employed?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 17

Following a colostomy in a child with Hirschsprung's disease, which nursing intervention is of utmost priority during the immediate post-operative period?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring closely for signs of stoma prolapse

Answer

Assessing for abdominal distension and pain

Answer

Administering pain medication as required

Answer

Encouraging the child to walk and move around

Question 18

Revised: What is the priority nursing intervention in the care of a child with pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining hydration

Answer

Monitoring for electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Preventing aspiration

Answer

Promoting weight gain

Question 19

Revised: What is the recommended first-line medication class for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Antacids

Question 20

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Environmental exposure

Answer

Dietary habits

Answer

Age

Question 21

What is the characteristic appearance of stools in a child with cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Pale and greasy

Answer

Bulky and foul-smelling

Answer

Blood-streaked

Answer

Watery

Question 22

Which of the following is a predominant symptom of pediatric diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Vomiting

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Fever

Question 23

The fundamental goal of fluid replacement therapy for children with severe diarrhea is to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent dehydration

Answer

Correct electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Alleviate abdominal pain

Answer

Eliminate sepsis

Question 24

Which medication is commonly used to treat diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Senna

Question 25

The most crucial nursing action to prevent the transmission of gastroenteritis among children is:

Accepted Answer

Frequent hand hygiene

Answer

Isolation of infected individuals

Answer

Use of personal protective equipment

Answer

Antibiotic prophylaxis for exposed children

Question 26

In managing diarrhea, which intervention is essential for preserving fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

Promoting oral rehydration solutions (ORS)

Answer

Restricting oral fluid intake

Answer

Administering antidiarrheal medications

Question 27

Which of the following is the most common infectious cause of diarrhea in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Salmonella

Answer

E. coli

Answer

C. difficile

Question 28

What is the primary mechanism responsible for dehydration in diarrheal diseases?

Accepted Answer

Loss of electrolytes and fluids

Answer

Increased capillary permeability

Answer

Production of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Loss of fluids only

Question 29

Which of the following is an essential element in the assessment of a child with constipation?

Accepted Answer

Stool frequency

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Vomiting

Question 30

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Enema

Answer

Laxatives

Answer

Mineral oil

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of the Bristol Stool Scale in pediatric nursing?

Accepted Answer

To assess stool consistency in infants and children

Answer

To diagnose constipation

Answer

To measure fecal incontinence

Answer

To determine the severity of diarrhea

Question 32

What is a potential long-term complication of untreated constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Fecal impaction

Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Bowel perforation

Question 33

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a child with inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Symptom management and disease remission

Answer

Achieving growth milestones

Answer

Nutritional support

Answer

Preventing complications

Question 34

For a child with severe diarrhea, which nursing interventions should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Monitor vital signs and hydration status

Accepted Answer

Administer oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Administer antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Insert a nasogastric tube for continuous hydration

Question 35

Which of the following is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Dietary indiscretion

Answer

Parasitic infection

Question 36

What is a characteristic symptom of constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Straining during bowel movements

Answer

Loose, watery stools

Answer

Frequent vomiting

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 37

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention for a child with diarrhea who is at risk for dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging the child to drink oral rehydration solution

Answer

Administering antidiarrheal medications

Answer

Restricting fluids

Answer

Inserting a nasogastric tube

Question 38

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a child with constipation?

Accepted Answer

To restore normal bowel function

Answer

To prevent dehydration

Answer

To relieve pain and discomfort

Answer

To prevent weight loss

Question 39

Which of the following dietary changes may help alleviate constipation in children?

Accepted Answer

Increasing fiber intake

Answer

Reducing fluid intake

Answer

Eliminating dairy products

Answer

Adding gluten to the diet

Question 40

What is a potential complication of untreated diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 41

What is the initial and most appropriate treatment for acute diarrhea in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Laxatives

Question 42

Which of the following is an important nursing assessment finding in a child with gastrointestinal distress?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal distension

Answer

Heart murmur

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Rashes

Question 43

Increased frequency of bowel movements is a common symptom of which gastrointestinal condition in children?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 44

A potential complication of severe diarrhea in children is:

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Heart failure

Question 45

To manage constipation in children, a nurse should prioritize:

Accepted Answer

Increasing the child's fluid intake

Answer

Encouraging a diet low in fiber

Answer

Administering laxatives

Question 46

Hirschsprung's disease is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon

Answer

Inflammation of the intestinal lining

Answer

Excessive colonic motility

Answer

Increased production of mucus

Question 47

Which of the following is a diagnostic test commonly used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Stool culture

Answer

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer

Barium enema

Question 48

The primary nursing goal for a child with an ileostomy is to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer

Promote wound healing

Answer

Prevent skin breakdown

Answer

Reduce pain and discomfort

Question 49

Crohn's disease is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Transmural inflammation

Answer

Absence of skip lesions

Answer

Superficial ulceration

Answer

Continuous involvement of the intestinal mucosa

Question 50

The role of the nurse in caring for a child with a gastrointestinal condition includes:

Accepted Answer

Providing education and support to the child and family

Answer

Performing surgical procedures

Answer

Prescribing medications