Respiratory Conditions in Children: Assessment and Management for Pediatric Nurses

Question 1

In a child with acute asthma exacerbation, which intervention is the priority?

Accepted Answer

Administering bronchodilators

Answer

Providing oxygen

Answer

Suctioning the airway

Answer

Initiating antibiotic therapy

Question 2

Which symptom is most characteristic of bronchiolitis?

Accepted Answer

Rapid breathing (tachypnea)

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cough

Answer

Fever

Question 3

Which clinical presentation suggests impending respiratory failure in a child?

Accepted Answer

Bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis)

Answer

Rapid breathing (hyperventilation)

Answer

Elevated oxygen saturation

Answer

Effortless breathing

Question 4

Which factor significantly increases the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants?

Accepted Answer

Prematurity

Answer

Exclusive breastfeeding

Answer

Exposure to older children

Answer

Adequate nutrition

Question 5

Leukotriene modifiers are commonly prescribed for children with asthma. What is their primary mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Reducing inflammation in the airways

Answer

Blocking histamine receptors

Answer

Dilating bronchioles to improve airflow

Answer

Suppressing the immune response

Question 6

When caring for a child with epiglottitis, which intervention is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a calm and quiet environment

Answer

Suctioning the airway

Answer

Administering intravenous fluids

Answer

Inserting a nasogastric tube

Question 7

Which symptom is unique to whooping cough?

Accepted Answer

Paroxysmal coughing

Answer

Wheezing during expiration

Answer

Inspiratory stridor

Answer

Fever

Question 8

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cough

Answer

Shortness of breath

Question 9

What is the **primary** goal of treatment for pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate the infection

Answer

To relieve symptoms

Answer

To prevent complications

Answer

To improve gastrointestinal function

Question 10

What is the **most common** cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 11

Which of the following interventions is **not** appropriate for the management of an acute asthma exacerbation?

Accepted Answer

Giving antihistamines orally

Answer

Administering bronchodilators

Answer

Providing oxygen therapy

Answer

Monitoring vital signs

Question 12

What is the **most important** nursing intervention for a child with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Providing respiratory support

Answer

Monitoring for complications

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Answer

Educating the family about the disease

Question 13

Which of the following is a cardinal symptom of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Persistent wheezing

Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Fever

Answer

Skin rash

Question 14

What is the primary reason for administering chest physiotherapy in children with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate removal of secretions

Answer

To improve oxygenation

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Answer

To prevent atelectasis

Question 15

For the initial management of acute bronchiolitis in infants, which of the following is the preferred treatment?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Steroids

Question 16

In children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), what is the primary nursing strategy to prevent aspiration?

Accepted Answer

Positioning the child upright after meals

Answer

Administering antiemetics

Answer

Thickening feeds

Answer

Performing suctioning as needed

Question 17

For children in respiratory distress, what is the optimal method of oxygen delivery?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cannula

Answer

Face mask

Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Answer

Oxygen tent

Question 18

What is the primary objective of administering antibiotics in children with pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

To prevent complications

Answer

To improve oxygenation

Answer

To reduce fever

Answer

To enhance appetite

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Persistent coughing

Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Fever

Question 20

What is the hallmark sign of epiglottitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Tripod position

Answer

Cherry-red face

Answer

Drooling

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 21

Which of these factors is known to contribute to the development of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Dust mites

Accepted Answer

Tobacco smoke

Answer

Cow's milk

Answer

Flu virus

Question 22

In children with acute epiglottitis, which life-threatening airway complication can develop quickly?

Accepted Answer

Supraglottic edema

Answer

Pulmonary edema

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 23

Which of the following medications is the first-line treatment for bronchospasm in children with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Budesonide

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Montelukast

Question 24

In cystic fibrosis, which pathophysiological process primarily causes airway obstruction and chronic respiratory infections?

Accepted Answer

Excessive mucus production

Answer

Severe airway inflammation

Answer

Bronchial spasms

Answer

Reduced surfactant production

Question 25

In prioritizing factors to determine the appropriate oxygen flow rate for a child in respiratory distress, which consideration should be given the highest weight?

Accepted Answer

Severity of respiratory distress

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Patient's weight

Question 26

When assessing the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation in a child with respiratory distress, which parameter is crucial to monitor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen Saturation

Answer

Heart Rate

Answer

Respiratory Rate

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical manifestation of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 28

What is the primary objective of antibiotic treatment for pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Eradication of the causative pathogen

Answer

Prevention of complications

Answer

Improvement of oxygenation

Answer

Reduction of fever

Question 29

What is the primary mechanism of action of bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Relaxation of airway smooth muscles, resulting in bronchodilation

Answer

Prevention of bronchospasm by blocking inflammatory mediators

Answer

Inhibition of histamine release, reducing airway inflammation

Answer

Reduction of mucus production, improving airflow

Question 30

Which of the following factors is a known risk factor for the development of pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Premature birth

Answer

High socioeconomic status

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Adequate nutrition

Question 31

What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 32

When selecting an inhaler device for a child with asthma, the most important consideration is:

Accepted Answer

Ensuring the child can use the device correctly and effectively

Answer

Brand name of the device

Answer

Size of the device

Answer

Cost of the device

Question 33

Which of the following is a **primary** clinical manifestation of pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Headache

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 34

What is the most **common** causative agent of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Allergens

Answer

Smoke

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Bacteria

Question 35

Which of the following is a **priority** nursing intervention for a child with a respiratory condition?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring oxygen saturation

Answer

Performing chest physiotherapy

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Question 36

What is the recommended **first-line** treatment for an acute asthma attack in children?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonist inhaler

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 37

Which of the following is a potential **complication** of pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Empyema

Answer

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

Renal failure

Answer

Meningitis

Question 38

What is the most **effective** way to prevent the spread of respiratory infections in children?

Accepted Answer

Hand hygiene

Answer

Antiviral medications

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Isolation

Question 39

What is the primary **goal** of oxygen therapy in children with respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

Maintain adequate oxygenation

Answer

Promote expectoration

Answer

Reduce inflammation

Answer

Prevent infection

Question 40

Which of the following is a **sign** that a child with pneumonia is developing a pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

Dullness to percussion

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Increased respiratory rate

Answer

Coughing

Question 41

What is the most important nursing consideration when administering inhaled medications to a child with a respiratory condition?

Accepted Answer

Use of a spacer device

Answer

Shaking the inhaler before use

Answer

Priming the inhaler before each use

Answer

Holding the inhaler upright

Question 42

Which of the following medications is commonly used as a long-term controller for asthma?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Short-acting beta-agonists

Question 43

In a child with croup, which of these signs and symptoms would be considered most concerning and indicate possible respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Stridor at rest

Answer

Mild fever

Answer

Barking cough

Answer

Runny nose

Question 44

A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Which statement from the parent indicates they understand the correct administration?

Accepted Answer

“I will give the enzymes with each meal and snack.”

Answer

“I will stop the enzymes if my child has diarrhea.”

Answer

“I can open the capsule and sprinkle it on anything.”

Question 45

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of which respiratory condition in children?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Parainfluenza

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 46

What is the main goal of palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

Accepted Answer

To prevent serious lower respiratory tract infections

Answer

To cure existing RSV infection

Answer

To reduce the severity of cold symptoms

Question 47

In a pulmonary function test for a child with asthma, which measurement is most helpful in assessing airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Residual volume

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 48

When a child experiences a nosebleed, which of the following is the most appropriate immediate action?

Accepted Answer

Apply pressure to the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes

Answer

Pack the nose with gauze

Answer

Tilt the child’s head back

Question 49

A 3-year-old child presents with persistent cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing, especially at night. Which respiratory condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Croup

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 50

Which of the following interventions is most beneficial in relieving symptoms of croup?

Accepted Answer

Cool mist therapy

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 51

A child with an acute asthma exacerbation is admitted to the hospital. Which medication is typically used to quickly relieve bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Ipratropium

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Methylprednisolone

Question 52

A nurse is providing education to the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements accurately describes the condition?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs.

Answer

Cystic fibrosis is a contagious respiratory infection.

Answer

Cystic fibrosis is caused by exposure to environmental allergens.

Question 53

A child with bronchiolitis is being monitored for respiratory distress. Which of the following signs would indicate worsening respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Increased retractions and nasal flaring

Answer

Improved oxygen saturation levels

Answer

Decreased heart rate

Answer

Clear lung sounds

Question 54

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which of the following statements about RSV is accurate?

Accepted Answer

RSV is a common viral infection that can cause bronchiolitis in infants and young children.

Answer

RSV is a bacterial infection that can be treated with antibiotics.

Answer

RSV is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.

Question 55

A nurse is assessing a child with pneumonia. Which of the following assessment findings is most consistent with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Crackles and wheezes on auscultation of the lungs

Answer

Normal temperature

Answer

Clear lung sounds

Answer

Decreased respiratory rate

Question 56

A child with asthma is admitted to the hospital for an exacerbation. Which of the following nursing interventions is most important to promote airway patency?

Accepted Answer

Administering bronchodilators as prescribed

Answer

Monitoring vital signs frequently

Answer

Encouraging deep breathing exercises

Answer

Providing oxygen therapy as needed

Question 57

A nurse is providing education to the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

Administer pancreatic enzymes with each meal and snack.

Answer

Encourage the child to participate in strenuous physical activity.

Answer

Limit fluid intake to prevent dehydration.

Question 58

A nurse is caring for a child with respiratory distress. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement first?

Accepted Answer

Assess the child's respiratory rate and effort

Answer

Administer oxygen therapy

Answer

Place the child in a high Fowler's position

Answer

Notify the physician