Mastering Endocrine Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide for Nursing Students

Question 1

What is the primary symptom of Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpigmentation

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Weight loss

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential treatment for Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Bilateral adrenalectomy

Answer

Oral contraceptives

Answer

Antithyroid medications

Answer

Insulin therapy

Question 3

What is the name of the hormone that stimulates the production of breast milk?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 4

What is the name of the condition caused by excessive production of growth hormone in adults?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 6

What is the name of the disorder characterized by excessive production of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Adrenal insufficiency

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 7

Which of the following is a **definitive** symptom of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain in the abdomen and face

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Amenorrhea

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 8

What is the **most prevalent** cause of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Thyroid cancer

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Question 9

Which hormone plays a **critical** role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 10

What is the **primary** function of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of calcium metabolism

Answer

Production of erythropoietin

Answer

Synthesis of thyroid hormones

Answer

Control of blood pressure

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Testosterone

Question 12

Which type of adrenal gland disorder is caused by insufficient production of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Conn's syndrome

Question 13

Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate bodily functions through hormonal secretions

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To control reproductive functions

Answer

To maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Nervousness

Answer

Fatigue

Question 16

What is the primary medical treatment for Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Antithyroid medications

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Hormone replacement therapy

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Question 19

What is a hallmark symptom of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Increased appetite

Question 20

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Male gender

Answer

Age over 60

Answer

Smoking

Question 21

What is the initial treatment for hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Antithyroid medications

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radioactive iodine therapy

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 22

Which hormone plays a crucial role in controlling blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Progesterone

Question 23

What is the primary function of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Calcium metabolism

Answer

Vitamin D synthesis

Answer

Hormone release

Answer

Electrolyte balance

Question 24

Which endocrine disorder is the most prevalent in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Thyroid disorders

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 25

Which symptom is commonly associated with hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Lethargy

Answer

Constipation

Question 26

Identify the primary hormone responsible for calcium homeostasis in the body:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Question 27

Which of the following is a well-recognized cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells

Answer

Inherited genetic mutations

Answer

Viral infection of the pancreas

Answer

Unhealthy dietary habits

Question 28

The production and secretion of growth hormone is primarily regulated by the:

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Dry skin

Answer

Constipation

Question 30

What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Answer

Impaired insulin secretion

Answer

Insulin resistance

Answer

Genetics

Question 31

What is the main clinical manifestation of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain and accumulation of fat in the face, neck, and abdomen

Answer

Increased thirst and urination

Answer

Muscle weakness and fatigue

Answer

Blurred vision

Question 32

Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the production of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 33

What is the main symptom of acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement of bones and soft tissues

Answer

Excessive thirst

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Weight loss

Question 34

In caring for patients with endocrine disorders, what is the primary responsibility of nurses?

Accepted Answer

Educating patients about their condition and treatment

Answer

Conducting research on new treatments

Answer

Managing administrative tasks related to patient care

Question 35

Which hormone is primarily produced by the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 36

What is the main responsibility of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulate blood pressure and stress response

Answer

Produce red blood cells

Answer

Store and release glucose

Answer

Secrete digestive enzymes

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

History of preterm birth with low birth weight

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Physical inactivity

Answer

Strong family history of diabetes

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Excessive thirst and frequent urination

Answer

Enlarged thyroid gland

Answer

Unexplained weight loss and fatigue

Answer

Elevated blood sugar levels

Question 39

What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumor (adenoma) on one of the parathyroid glands

Answer

Autoimmune disorder causing inflammation of the parathyroid glands

Answer

Excessive intake of vitamin D supplements

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency leading to impaired calcium absorption

Question 40

What is the initial treatment of choice for Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Antithyroid medications to reduce thyroid hormone production

Answer

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland

Answer

Radiation therapy to destroy thyroid tissue

Answer

Beta-blockers to control symptoms such as rapid heart rate and tremors

Question 41

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroid hormones

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 42

Which of the following is a common symptom associated with hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance

Answer

Rapid heart rate and excessive sweating

Answer

Increased pigmentation of the skin

Question 43

What is the primary function of the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Production and secretion of melatonin

Answer

Secretion of antidiuretic hormone to control water balance

Answer

Stimulation of growth and development through the release of growth hormone

Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels through insulin and glucagon secretion

Question 44

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss and increased appetite

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Lethargy

Answer

Constipation

Question 45

What is the primary cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal glands

Answer

Underproduction of insulin

Answer

Deficiency of growth hormone

Answer

Overproduction of thyroid hormone

Question 46

What is the name of the disorder characterized by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer

Rickets

Answer

Hypoparathyroidism

Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 47

What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete hormones involved in the body's response to stress and metabolism

Answer

Filter waste from the blood

Answer

Produce red blood cells

Question 48

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of calcium from bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 49

What is the name of the disorder characterized by an underproduction of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone deficiency

Answer

Growth hormone excess

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Gigantism

Question 50

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Produce and secrete insulin and glucagon, hormones involved in glucose regulation

Answer

Produce red blood cells

Answer

Secrete bile

Answer

Filter waste from the blood