Hormones and Their Effects: Comprehensive Learning Quizzes for Nursing Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 2

Which mechanism of action is primarily employed by steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Binding to nuclear receptors

Answer

Binding to cell surface receptors

Answer

Activating second messenger systems

Answer

Inhibiting gene transcription

Question 3

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon secretion

Answer

Adrenaline and noradrenaline secretion

Answer

Cortisol and aldosterone secretion

Answer

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine secretion

Question 4

Which condition is a potential outcome of prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 5

Which major class of hormones is derived from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptides

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Eicosanoids

Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Binding to DNA and influencing gene transcription

Answer

Activating cell surface receptors and triggering intracellular signaling

Answer

Altering membrane permeability

Answer

Inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 7

What is the primary target cell for parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Bone cells

Answer

Kidney cells

Answer

Muscle cells

Answer

Liver cells

Question 8

Identify the negative feedback loop involved in maintaining blood sugar levels.

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controlling blood pressure

Answer

Thyroid hormone regulating metabolism

Answer

Prolactin regulating milk production

Question 9

What is the main function of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Releasing hormones in response to stress

Answer

Regulating blood pressure

Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Answer

Storing and releasing glucose

Question 10

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the activity of the pituitary gland

Answer

Producing and releasing hormones directly

Answer

Storing and secreting hormones

Answer

Responding to hormone signals and initiating responses

Question 11

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 12

Describe the mechanism of action of steroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

Bind to intracellular receptors and regulate gene expression

Answer

Bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messengers

Answer

Directly modify target cell proteins

Answer

Inhibit the synthesis of other hormones

Question 13

Which endocrine gland secretes adrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Pancreas

Question 14

Which of the following is a disorder caused by an excess of thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 15

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Answer

Produces hormones that directly regulate target cells

Answer

Stores and releases hormones produced by other glands

Answer

Monitors hormone levels in the bloodstream and adjusts hormone secretion accordingly

Question 16

Which hormone follows a circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 17

What is a significant application of hormone replacement therapy?

Accepted Answer

Treat hormone deficiencies caused by gland disorders

Answer

Enhance athletic performance

Answer

Prevent hormone-related cancers

Answer

Promote weight loss

Question 18

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 19

Which hormone plays a crucial role in the body's stress response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 20

Which endocrine gland is primarily responsible for regulating growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 21

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production during lactation?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 22

Which hormone is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Question 23

The endocrine system communicates with the nervous system through which structure?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 24

Which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 25

Which hormone is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and regulation of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Question 26

Which hormone plays a central role in regulating blood glucose levels and is produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 27

Which hormone is released in response to stress and activates the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the body for the "fight or flight" response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Prolactin

Question 28

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating growth and development of the body, including bones and muscles?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 29

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyrotropin

Question 30

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 31

Which hormone plays a critical role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is primarily released at night?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Endorphins

Question 32

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary gland and plays a role in uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating lipolysis

Answer

Promoting glucose uptake into cells

Answer

Enhancing protein synthesis

Answer

Lowering blood glucose levels

Question 34

The endocrine gland that plays a central role in regulating metabolism, growth, and reproduction is the:

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Adrenal gland

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 35

The hormone that stimulates the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex is:

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endocrine hormones?

Accepted Answer

Their effects are usually rapid

Answer

They are released into the bloodstream

Answer

They have specific target cells

Answer

They are regulated by negative feedback loops

Question 37

The hormone that regulates blood calcium levels and prevents osteoporosis is:

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estradiol

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 38

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 39

Which hormone is essential for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased muscle mass and facial hair?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 40

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Somatotropin-releasing hormone

Question 41

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels, promoting glucose uptake and storage?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 42

When the body is under stress, which hormone is released to prepare the body for a 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Prolactin

Question 43

Growth hormone primarily targets which organs and tissues in the body?

Accepted Answer

Bones, muscles, and liver

Answer

Heart, lungs, and kidneys

Answer

Brain, pancreas, and intestines

Answer

Skin, hair, and nails

Question 44

How do negative feedback loops contribute to the precise regulation of hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

They prevent excessive hormone secretion by detecting high hormone levels and inhibiting further release.

Answer

They stimulate hormone release when hormone levels are low.

Answer

They are exclusive to the endocrine system.

Answer

They involve only one hormone and its target cells.

Question 45

State the **primary** function of the endocrine system:

Accepted Answer

To secrete hormones that regulate homeostasis.

Answer

To produce enzymes essential for digestion and metabolism.

Answer

To maintain electrolyte balance.

Answer

To regulate blood pressure.

Question 46

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 47

Describe the **mechanism of action** for most polypeptide hormones:

Accepted Answer

Binding to receptors on the cell surface, triggering intracellular signaling.

Answer

Entering the cell and directly binding to DNA in the nucleus.

Answer

Stimulating the production of secondary messengers within the cell.

Answer

Inhibiting the synthesis of specific proteins within the cell.

Question 48

Identify the hormone that mediates the body's "fight-or-flight" response:

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 49

State the **primary effect** of growth hormone on the body:

Accepted Answer

Stimulates protein synthesis in various tissues.

Answer

Increases blood glucose levels.

Answer

Inhibits bone growth.

Answer

Lowers blood pressure.

Question 50

Which type of hormone binds to surface receptors on target cells, leading to changes in intracellular messengers?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormone

Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Catecholamine

Answer

Eicosanoid

Question 51

Insulin is the hormone responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulating milk production

Answer

Regulating circadian rhythms

Answer

Fetal development and growth

Question 52

Melatonin is a hormone that plays a role in:

Accepted Answer

Regulating circadian rhythms

Answer

Stimulating testosterone production

Answer

Inhibiting glucagon secretion

Answer

Promoting progesterone release

Question 53

Growth hormone is essential for:

Accepted Answer

Fetal development and growth

Answer

Ovulation and fertility

Answer

Blood pressure regulation

Answer

Immune system function

Question 54

Erythropoietin is the hormone that stimulates:

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell production

Answer

White blood cell production

Answer

Platelet production

Answer

Hormone release from the pituitary gland

Question 55

Which type of hormone exerts its effects by altering gene expression in target cells?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Peptide hormone

Answer

Catecholamine

Answer

Eicosanoid

Question 56

Adrenaline is a hormone that is involved in the:

Accepted Answer

"Fight-or-flight" response

Answer

Regulation of blood sugar levels

Answer

Stimulation of immune function

Answer

Inhibition of growth hormone secretion