Muscles: Structure, Function, and Role in Movement

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 2

Which of the following is not a type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type IV fibers

Answer

Type I fibers

Answer

Type IIa fibers

Answer

Type IIb fibers

Question 3

Which characteristic is NOT associated with skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

(C) Unbranched

Answer

(A) Striated

Answer

(B) Voluntary

Answer

(D) Multinucleated

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Storing oxygen

Answer

Facilitating movement

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Maintaining posture

Question 5

Which protein directly facilitates the sliding of actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Answer

Tropomyosin

Answer

Creatine kinase

Answer

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 6

Which of the following is not a known type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Question 7

Identify the muscle fiber type that does NOT exist:

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Question 8

What is the primary function of skeletal muscles in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Creating movement and maintaining posture

Answer

Digesting nutrients

Answer

Pumping blood

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Question 9

Skeletal muscles enable us to move our bodies voluntarily. Their main purpose is to:

Accepted Answer

Move body parts as we wish

Answer

Pump blood throughout the body

Answer

Control breathing

Answer

Release hormones

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Answer

Movement

Answer

Heat production

Answer

Protection

Question 12

Which characteristic is NOT associated with slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Strong force production

Answer

Sustained endurance

Answer

Fatigue resistance

Answer

Abundant blood supply

Question 13

Which muscle fiber type has the highest capacity for using oxygen for energy production and the greatest resistance to fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type IIx

Question 14

Which characteristics are associated with slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

High glycogen content

Accepted Answer

Resistance to fatigue

Answer

Fast contraction time

Answer

Large diameter

Question 15

Which type of muscle contraction results in muscle lengthening while under load?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isokinetic

Answer

Isometric

Question 16

In skeletal muscle contraction, what is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Stores calcium ions for muscle contraction

Answer

Produces ATP for muscle contraction

Answer

Synthesizes proteins for muscle growth

Answer

Regulates cell volume through osmotic balance

Question 17

Which property is NOT characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Autorhythymicity

Answer

Contractility

Answer

Extensibility

Answer

Elasticity

Question 18

Which of the following describes isometric muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle length remains the same with increasing tension

Answer

Muscle shortens with constant tension

Answer

Muscle lengthens with constant tension

Question 19

Which muscle fiber type exhibits a balance of speed and endurance capabilities?

Accepted Answer

Type IIa muscle fibers

Answer

Type I muscle fibers

Answer

Type IIb muscle fibers

Answer

All muscle fiber types possess identical speed and endurance characteristics.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy reserves as glycogen

Answer

Contracting to produce movement

Answer

Maintaining body posture and balance

Answer

Generating heat through metabolic processes

Question 21

Which muscle contraction type does **not** result in a change in muscle length?

Accepted Answer

Isometric

Answer

Concentric

Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Auxotonic

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a direct function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Storing glucose

Answer

Generating force and movement

Answer

Producing heat during contraction

Question 23

What is the primary role of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Enable coordinated movement and maintain posture

Answer

Release hormones to regulate body functions

Answer

Store energy reserves for the body

Answer

Control body temperature through blood vessel dilation and constriction

Question 24

Which characteristic is unique to isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tension increases without a change in length

Answer

Muscle shortens

Answer

Muscle lengthens

Question 25

Identify the muscle fiber type characterized by swift contraction, reduced endurance, and minimal oxygen consumption.

Accepted Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Question 26

According to the sliding filament theory, how do muscles contract?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle fiber.

Answer

Myosin filaments shorten while actin filaments stay still.

Answer

Calcium ions bind to actin filaments, causing contraction.

Answer

Muscle fibers can only partially contract and relax, creating different levels of force.

Question 27

Which factor is most crucial in determining the speed at which a muscle contracts?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fiber type

Answer

Muscle length

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Hormonal stimulation

Question 28

Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movement and is primarily attached to the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 29

Which stage of muscle contraction involves the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments, resulting in muscle fiber shortening?

Accepted Answer

Contraction phase

Answer

Lag phase

Answer

Relaxation phase

Answer

Excitation phase

Question 30

Which muscle fiber type is designed for prolonged, low-intensity contractions?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type III

Question 31

During prolonged muscle activity with limited oxygen, which metabolic pathway becomes the primary energy source in skeletal muscles, replacing oxidative metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 32

Which ion triggers the interaction between actin and myosin filaments, initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

ATP

Question 33

Proprioception is crucial for balance and posture because it provides information about:

Accepted Answer

The body's position in space

Answer

Muscle force

Answer

Movement direction

Answer

Movement speed

Question 34

As we age, our muscular system undergoes physiological changes. How do these changes impact muscle mass, strength, and function?

Accepted Answer

Aging leads to decreased muscle mass, strength, and function due to hormonal imbalances, reduced protein synthesis, and sarcopenia.

Answer

Muscle mass increases due to enhanced protein synthesis.

Answer

Muscle strength remains stable throughout adulthood.

Answer

Reduced physical activity is the primary cause of muscle loss with aging.

Question 35

Which of the following mechanisms is directly responsible for initiating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration

Answer

Release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

Answer

Depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane

Question 36

To maximize muscle growth and recovery after resistance exercise, which nutritional strategy is most effective? Focus on the significance of protein intake and its optimal timing.

Accepted Answer

Consuming a moderate protein amount within 1-2 hours after resistance exercise.

Answer

Consistently consuming high protein amounts throughout the day, regardless of exercise timing.

Answer

Consuming a large protein quantity just before resistance exercise.

Answer

Consuming carbohydrates before resistance exercise and protein afterward.

Question 37

Which of the following is the largest muscle in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Rectus femoris

Answer

Trapezius

Question 38

Select the type of muscle tissue responsible for voluntary movement:

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Visceral muscle

Question 39

Identify the type of joint that allows for the widest range of motion:

Accepted Answer

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer

Gingival joint

Answer

Hinge joint

Answer

Saddle joint

Question 40

Identify the primary function of the neuromuscular junction:

Accepted Answer

To transmit electrical signals to muscles

Answer

To provide nutrients to muscles

Answer

To regulate muscle contraction strength

Answer

To transmit sensory information from muscles to the brain

Question 41

Describe the primary function of tendons in the muscular system:

Accepted Answer

To connect muscles to bones

Answer

To provide a gliding surface for muscle movement

Answer

To store energy for muscle contraction

Answer

To produce muscle contractions

Question 42

Describe the main function of the skeletal system in relation to the muscular system:

Accepted Answer

To provide attachment points for muscles

Answer

To produce muscle contractions

Answer

To transport oxygen and nutrients to muscles

Answer

To regulate muscle temperature

Question 43

Which factor significantly impacts an individual's athletic performance?

Accepted Answer

Muscle Fiber Composition

Answer

Ligament Flexibility

Answer

Bone Density

Question 44

The neurotransmitter primarily responsible for initiating muscle contraction is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 45

The protein responsible for regulating muscle contraction by binding to calcium ions is called:

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Answer

Myoglobin

Answer

Actin

Answer

Myosin

Question 46

Which of the following muscles is responsible for extending the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps

Answer

Biceps femoris

Answer

Gastrocnemius

Answer

Hamstrings

Question 47

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by striated appearance, voluntary control, and multinucleated cells?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Answer

Mixed muscle

Question 48

The connective tissue layer that immediately surrounds and supports individual muscle fibers is called:

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Answer

Perimysium

Answer

Epimysium

Answer

Mesomysium

Question 49

Which of the following conditions is a common muscle disorder characterized by muscle weakness and progressive muscle loss?

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Polymyositis

Answer

Fibromyalgia

Question 50

The sensory receptor in muscles responsible for detecting changes in muscle length and tension is the:

Accepted Answer

Muscle spindle

Answer

Golgi tendon organ

Answer

Pacini corpuscle

Answer

Free nerve ending

Question 51

What is the smallest functional unit of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Answer

Myofibril

Answer

Tendon

Answer

Neuron

Question 52

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for triggering muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 53

What is the process by which muscles generate force and movement?

Accepted Answer

Contraction

Answer

Extension

Answer

Relaxation

Answer

Innervation

Question 54

What is the primary source of energy for muscle contractions during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fat

Answer

Protein

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 55

What is the connective tissue that surrounds and supports individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Answer

Epimysium

Answer

Perimysium

Answer

Fascia

Question 56

Which of the following muscle disorders is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and deterioration?

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Fibromyalgia

Answer

Arthritis

Question 57

At the neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter released is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 58

The primary function of tendons is to:

Accepted Answer

Connect muscles to bones

Answer

Store energy for muscle contraction

Answer

Transmit nerve impulses

Answer

Produce muscle proteins

Question 59

Which of the following is not a function of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting

Answer

Movement

Answer

Posture

Answer

Heat production

Question 60

The type of muscle tissue found in the heart is:

Accepted Answer

Cardiac

Answer

Skeletal

Answer

Smooth

Answer

Striated

Question 61

How does muscle physiology adapt to support diverse movement patterns and ecological niches across different species?

Accepted Answer

Species have specialized muscle fiber types and contractile mechanisms tailored to their unique movement needs and environments.

Answer

Muscle structure and function are identical in all species, regardless of their movement patterns or habitats.

Answer

Muscle physiology is solely determined by genetics and is unaffected by environmental factors.

Question 62

Which technique is used to assess a patient's muscle strength?

Accepted Answer

Manual muscle testing (MMT)

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Muscle biopsy

Question 63

Which factors primarily contribute to delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? Explain how DOMS affects athletic performance and recovery.

Accepted Answer

Eccentric contractions, muscle damage, and inflammation

Answer

Lactic acid buildup, electrolyte imbalance, and dehydration

Answer

Hormonal imbalances, psychological factors, and neurological adaptations

Answer

Insufficient warm-up, inadequate nutrition, and lack of sleep

Question 64

Which muscle, when activated, flexes the forearm at the elbow joint by inserting onto the radius?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Answer

Brachioradialis

Answer

Triceps brachii

Answer

Pronator teres