Respiratory Drugs: Pharmacology for Nurses

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Reduced inflammation

Answer

Decreased sputum production

Answer

Increased mucociliary clearance

Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 2

Which type of respiratory drug is used to thin and break down mucus in patients with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Mucolytic

Answer

Expectorant

Answer

Bronchodilator

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroid

Question 3

Which pharmacological category does Salmeterol belong to?

Accepted Answer

Beta-agonists

Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 4

Which of the following beta2-agonists is used for rapid relief of acute asthma attacks?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Montelukast

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of inflammation in the airways

Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibition of histamine release

Answer

Blockade of leukotriene synthesis

Question 6

Which of the following non-selective beta-blockers should be avoided in patients with asthma due to its potential to worsen symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Carvedilol

Question 7

Which type of medication is commonly used as a maintenance therapy for asthma, specifically for reducing airway inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Beta-agonists

Answer

Leukotriene modifiers

Answer

Anticholinergics

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is a combination beta-agonist and corticosteroid used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Advair

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Albuterol

Question 9

What is the recommended route of administration for nebulized bronchodilators in a patient with acute asthma?

Accepted Answer

Oral inhalation

Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Intramuscular injection

Question 10

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs)?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Asthma

Answer

COPD

Answer

Hypertension

Question 11

What is the primary mechanism of action of theophylline in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Answer

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance

Answer

Stimulation of beta-receptors

Question 12

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Increased mucin production

Answer

Inhibition of mast cell degranulation

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 13

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Glaucoma

Answer

History of peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Advanced liver disease

Question 14

Which of the following medications is used as an add-on therapy in the management of severe COPD in patients experiencing frequent exacerbations?

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Rocephin

Answer

Clarithromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 15

Identify a potential interaction between a beta-2 agonist and a non-selective beta-blocker.

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 16

Identify a key nursing assessment for patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids.

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of beta-agonists?

Accepted Answer

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Answer

Blockage of leukotriene receptors

Answer

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors

Question 18

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with the use of theophylline?

Accepted Answer

Nausea

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hypotension

Question 19

For the treatment of acute bronchospasm, which medication is a short-acting beta2-agonist bronchodilator?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Fluticasone

Question 20

Which of the following accurately describes the primary mechanism of action of beta-agonists in treating asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation by relaxing airway smooth muscle

Answer

Mucolysis and expectoration of airway secretions

Question 21

Identify a potential adverse effect associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids:

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Nausea

Question 22

Which of the following is a type of leukotriene modifier used in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Beclomethasone

Question 23

In cases of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), what is the recommended first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Question 24

What is the primary goal of chest physiotherapy in the management of respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

To remove excess airway secretions

Answer

To improve oxygenation

Answer

To reduce airway resistance

Question 25

Describe the mechanism of action of anticholinergic drugs in treating respiratory conditions.

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation by blocking muscarinic receptors

Answer

Mucolysis by increasing airway secretions

Answer

Anti-inflammatory effects

Question 26

How do inhaled corticosteroids specifically reduce airway inflammation in asthma management?

Accepted Answer

Suppress pro-inflammatory mediator release

Answer

Enhance anti-inflammatory mediator production

Answer

Induce new lung tissue growth

Answer

Dilate airways

Question 27

To administer an inhaled bronchodilator effectively, which steps should you take in order?

Accepted Answer

Prime, shake, inhale, hold breath

Answer

Shake, prime, inhale, exhale

Answer

Inhale, shake, hold breath, prime

Answer

Prime, inhale, shake, hold breath

Question 28

The primary mechanism of action of short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) involves:

Accepted Answer

Activating beta-adrenergic receptors and causing bronchodilation

Answer

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) and increasing intracellular cAMP levels

Answer

Blocking the action of histamine on airway smooth muscle

Question 29

The primary goal of oxygen therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is to:

Accepted Answer

Improve oxygenation and reduce hypoxemia

Answer

Reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations

Answer

Enhance mucus clearance and improve airway patency

Question 30

Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with a history of narrow-angle glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Tiotropium

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Formoterol

Question 31

Mucolytics work by:

Accepted Answer

Breaking down mucus to enhance its clearance

Answer

Reducing mucus production

Answer

Increasing ciliary function

Answer

Stimulating surfactant production

Question 32

Which mechanism of action is associated with beta2-agonists used in asthma treatment?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of beta2-receptors in airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Increased mucus production

Answer

Inhibition of histamine release

Question 33

In the management of COPD, which medication class is typically the first-line choice?

Accepted Answer

Long-acting beta2-agonists

Answer

Short-acting anticholinergics

Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Oral theophylline

Question 34

For a patient on long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy who develops oral candidiasis, which intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Prescription of an antifungal mouthwash

Answer

Discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Frequent mouth rinsing with water

Answer

Recommendation of sugar-free gum

Question 35

What is the primary mechanism of action of mucolytic agents?

Accepted Answer

Break down mucus bonds

Answer

Stimulate mucus production

Answer

Inhibit ciliary movement

Answer

Enhance mucociliary clearance

Question 36

What is the recommended route of administration for the antibiotic azithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Intramuscular

Answer

Topical

Question 37

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of systemic glucocorticoids in respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

COPD

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 38

Which of the following is a key assessment parameter when evaluating the effectiveness of respiratory medications?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Pupillary response

Question 39

Which of the following teaching strategies is most appropriate for educating patients about the proper use of inhalers?

Accepted Answer

Verbal instructions with a demonstration

Answer

Written instructions without demonstration

Answer

Video demonstration without supervision

Answer

Online resources without follow-up

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for beta-2 agonists?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction

Answer

Bronchodilation by relaxing airway smooth muscles

Answer

Inhibition of mast cell degranulation

Answer

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)?

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Albuterol (short-acting)

Answer

Montelukast (leukotriene modifier)

Answer

Cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer)

Question 42

Which of the following is a potential side effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs)?

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Seizures

Question 43

Which of the following is a mechanism of action for leukotriene modifiers?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of phospholipase A2, which reduces the production of leukotrienes

Answer

Blockade of histamine receptors

Answer

Enhancement of beta-2 receptor activity

Answer

Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis

Question 44

Which of the following is a sign of overdosage with inhaled beta-2 agonists?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension (not a common sign)

Answer

Bradycardia (not a common sign)

Answer

Hypoxemia (not a common sign)

Question 45

Which of the following is a mechanism of action for mucolytics?

Accepted Answer

Breaking down mucus by reducing its viscosity and elasticity

Answer

Inhibiting mucus production

Answer

Stimulating ciliary activity

Answer

Increasing airway secretions

Question 46

Which of the following is the main mechanism of action of beta-2 agonists?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchodilation

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes (not the main mechanism)

Answer

Blockage of muscarinic receptors (not the main mechanism)

Question 47

Which of the following is an indication for the use of leukotriene modifiers?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

COPD

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 48

Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled anticholinergics?

Accepted Answer

Xerostomia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a role of the nurse in respiratory drug therapy?

Accepted Answer

Diagnosis of respiratory conditions

Answer

Patient education

Answer

Medication administration

Answer

Monitoring for adverse effects

Question 50

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of systemic corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Cushingoid features

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 51

What is the first-line treatment option for acute asthma exacerbations?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Montelukast

Question 52

Which potential adverse effect is commonly associated with the administration of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Oral thrush

Answer

Rapid heart rate

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Answer

Low blood sugar levels

Question 53

What is the primary consideration when administering oxygen therapy to a patient?

Accepted Answer

The patient's oxygen saturation levels

Answer

The patient's respiratory rate

Answer

The patient's age

Answer

The patient's weight

Question 54

Which patient education instruction is essential when administering mucolytics?

Accepted Answer

Encourage adequate fluid intake

Answer

Avoid taking mucolytics with milk

Answer

Be cautious of potential drowsiness

Answer

Be aware of possible bronchospasm

Question 55

Which condition is a contraindication for the use of anticholinergic medications?

Accepted Answer

Narrow-angle glaucoma

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer

Prostate enlargement

Answer

Hypertension

Question 56

What is the primary mechanism of action for expectorants?

Accepted Answer

Promoting mucociliary clearance

Answer

Stimulating the cough reflex

Answer

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase

Answer

Relaxing airway smooth muscle

Question 57

Which major drug class is commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD?

Accepted Answer

Beta-agonists

Answer

Mucolytics

Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Expectorants

Question 58

Salmeterol, a long-acting beta-agonist, exerts its primary action by:

Accepted Answer

Relaxing airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

Answer

Reducing inflammation in the airways

Answer

Inhibiting mucus production

Answer

Enhancing mucociliary clearance

Question 59

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Question 60

Which nursing intervention is appropriate when caring for a patient with severe COPD who is receiving respiratory medications?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging the use of pursed-lip breathing

Answer

Positioning the patient in a flat supine position

Answer

Administering antibiotics to prevent infection

Answer

Restricting fluid intake to reduce secretions

Question 61

Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier used in asthma treatment, primarily acts by:

Accepted Answer

Blocking the effects of leukotrienes on airway smooth muscle

Answer

Inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells

Answer

Promoting bronchodilation by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Reducing inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

Question 62

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Reduces airway inflammation

Answer

Relieves bronchospasm

Answer

Enhances mucus secretion

Answer

Blocks histamine receptors

Question 63

What is the primary function of mucokinetic agents in respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

To thin and loosen mucus secretions

Answer

To reduce airway inflammation

Answer

To prevent bronchospasm

Answer

To stimulate surfactant production

Question 64

Which of the following is a commonly prescribed beta2-adrenergic agonist used to prevent bronchospasm in COPD?

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Tiotropium

Answer

Ipratropium

Answer

Montelukast