Microbial Diversity and Classification: A Comprehensive Guide for Nursing Students

Question 1

How does microbial diversity contribute to the stability of ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

It strengthens the resilience of food webs.

Answer

It weakens the resilience of ecosystems to disturbances.

Answer

It reduces the availability of nutrients in ecosystems.

Answer

It promotes the dominance of pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 2

Which of the following is not considered a domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

What is the primary structural component of bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Answer

Lipoteichoic acid

Answer

Teichoic acid

Answer

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 4

Which type of staining differentiates bacteria based on their cell wall structure?

Accepted Answer

Gram staining

Answer

Acid-fast staining

Answer

Ziehl-Neelsen staining

Answer

Fluorescence staining

Question 5

Which of the following is not an ethical consideration directly related to the use of microorganisms in biotechnology and research?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Answer

Potential risks and benefits

Answer

Intellectual property

Answer

Environmental impact

Question 6

The primary structure of peptidoglycan consists of repeating disaccharide units linked by which type of glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

β(1-4)

Answer

α(1-4)

Answer

β(1-6)

Answer

α(1-6)

Question 7

Which of the microorganisms listed below does NOT belong to the domain Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Cyanobacteria

Answer

Methanogens

Answer

Extreme halophiles

Answer

Thermophilic sulfur bacteria

Question 8

The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct cell-to-cell contact is termed:

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Electroporation

Question 9

Which of the following organisms is phylogenetically closest to humans?

Accepted Answer

Chimpanzee

Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Yeast

Question 10

The primary ecological role of decomposers in nutrient cycling is:

Accepted Answer

Breaking down complex organic matter

Answer

Synthesizing new organic compounds

Answer

Fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere

Answer

Producing oxygen through photosynthesis

Question 11

The field of study that focuses on the interactions between microorganisms and animals is known as:

Accepted Answer

Parasitology

Answer

Mycology

Answer

Virology

Answer

Microsporidia

Question 12

Which of the following is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 13

The Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a:

Accepted Answer

Textbook on microbial classification

Answer

Journal for publishing research on microbiology

Answer

Database of microbial genomes

Answer

Online forum for microbiologists

Question 14

Which of the following is a type of microbial symbiosis where both organisms benefit from the relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Parasitism

Answer

Amensalism

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of extremophiles?

Accepted Answer

Tolerate extreme environmental conditions

Answer

Found in all types of environments

Answer

Are always pathogenic

Answer

Have complex metabolic pathways

Question 16

How does understanding microbial diversity and classification contribute to medical advancements, specifically in diagnostics, vaccine development, and antibiotic discovery?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced diagnostics and personalized treatments

Accepted Answer

Increased vaccine efficacy

Accepted Answer

Accelerated antibiotic development

Answer

Minimal impact on medical applications

Question 17

Which technique uses genetic analysis to identify and classify microbes?

Accepted Answer

Molecular analysis

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Biochemical testing

Question 18

Which molecular technique has revolutionized microbial identification and classification?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Answer

Microscopy

Answer

Culturing

Question 19

Which domain of life encompasses both bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryota

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Eukarya

Answer

Monera

Question 20

In accordance with the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, what taxonomic rank immediately follows family?

Accepted Answer

Genus

Answer

Class

Answer

Species

Answer

Order

Question 21

Identify the Gram-positive bacterium from the following options:

Accepted Answer

Bacillus

Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Pseudomonas

Answer

Neisseria

Question 22

Methanogenesis is a characteristic associated with which domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Heterotrophy