Justice and Fairness in Nursing: Practice Quizzes and Exam Prep

Question 1

Which ethical principle focuses on ensuring fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources, giving priority to the needs of all individuals regardless of their background or circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 2

True or False: Justice in nursing always necessitates treating all patients identically, regardless of their circumstances.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 3

Which real-world scenario exemplifies a distributive justice issue in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Deciding which patients receive access to limited life-saving treatments

Answer

Respecting a patient's decision to decline a particular treatment option

Answer

Providing culturally sensitive care to a patient from a diverse background

Answer

Maintaining confidentiality of patient medical records

Question 4

True or False: Fairness in healthcare always guarantees equal outcomes for all individuals, regardless of their circumstances.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 5

Which ethical theory emphasizes the overall well-being and happiness of society?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Existentialism

Question 6

Which principle of distributive justice emphasizes distributing healthcare resources based on individuals' needs?

Accepted Answer

Distributing healthcare resources equitably to meet the varying needs of individuals

Answer

Treating all patients equally, irrespective of their socioeconomic status

Answer

Ensuring universal access to basic healthcare services for all

Answer

Respecting patient autonomy and preferences in healthcare decisions

Question 7

Which ethical principle dictates that healthcare professionals should prioritize avoiding harm to patients above all else?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 8

The 'veil of ignorance' approach in ethical decision-making involves making choices:

Accepted Answer

Without considering personal biases or self-interest

Answer

Based on detailed knowledge of the specific individuals involved

Answer

After consulting with experts in the relevant field

Answer

Using data from past experiences to predict future outcomes

Question 9

Which of the following is an advantage of applying a utilitarian approach to ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

It seeks to maximize overall benefit and well-being

Answer

It eliminates bias and discrimination in decision-making

Answer

It respects individual autonomy and preferences

Answer

It guarantees the most morally correct outcome in all situations

Question 10

Which fundamental principle of justice in nursing prioritizes allocating resources to those who need them most?

Accepted Answer

Need

Answer

Equality

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Confidentiality

Question 11

In a situation where a terminally ill patient's family requests continued aggressive treatment against the patient's wishes, which ethical principle should guide the nurse's decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 12

When a patient refuses life-saving treatment, which ethical principle should guide the nurse's response?

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's decision

Answer

Convince the patient to change their mind

Answer

Report the patient to the authorities

Answer

Act in what they believe is the patient's best interest

Question 13

Which principle of justice involves distributing benefits and burdens based on people's contributions or merits?

Accepted Answer

Desert

Answer

Equality

Answer

Needs

Question 14

Which ethical principle emphasizes treating people with equal respect and opportunity, regardless of their personal attributes?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 15

Which factor does NOT affect a patient's healthcare access?

Accepted Answer

Personal preference

Answer

Socioeconomic status

Answer

Race

Answer

Age

Question 16

A nurse has a financial stake in a particular treatment option. How might this create an ethical conflict?

Accepted Answer

The nurse may prioritize the treatment option that benefits them financially, even if there are more suitable options.

Answer

The nurse may neglect a patient's hygiene due to being overworked.

Answer

The nurse may be biased in their care toward patients from a different social or cultural background.

Question 17

Which of the following is a core principle of justice in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Equity

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a fair process for making ethical decisions in nursing?

Accepted Answer

Using a systematic approach that involves considering multiple perspectives and ethical principles

Answer

Consulting only with the patient's family

Answer

Relying solely on the nurse's intuition

Answer

Following the orders of the physician without question

Question 19

When advocating for patients facing discrimination or injustice, which ethical principle should guide nurses?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 20

What is the distinction between distributive justice and procedural justice?

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice focuses on the fairness of outcomes, while procedural justice focuses on the fairness of processes

Answer

Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of outcomes, while distributive justice focuses on the fairness of processes

Answer

Distributive justice and procedural justice are the same concept

Answer

Distributive justice applies to resource allocation, while procedural justice applies to ethical decision-making

Question 21

Which fundamental ethical principle in nursing prioritizes treating all patients equally, regardless of background or circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Equity and Fairness

Answer

Respect for Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-Maleficence

Question 22

Which societal factor can present a significant obstacle to achieving equitable resource distribution in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice and bias

Answer

Insufficient funding and resources

Answer

Patient compliance and adherence

Answer

Lack of transparency in decision-making processes

Question 23

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent in healthcare, which ethical concern is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Potential for bias and discrimination in decision-making

Answer

Reduced human interaction and personalization of care

Answer

Increased access to healthcare services, especially in remote areas

Answer

Improved accuracy and efficiency in diagnosis and treatment

Question 24

In healthcare, which ethical principle ensures that all individuals have equal access to resources, regardless of their background?

Accepted Answer

Distributive Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 25

A nurse is faced with a dilemma where they must prioritize care between two critically ill patients with similar needs. Which ethical principle should guide their decision?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Autonomy

Question 26

When a nurse advocates for a patient's fair treatment, they are demonstrating which ethical duty?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Fidelity

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 27

A nurse is caring for a patient who is a member of a marginalized group. Which of the following actions would demonstrate cultural sensitivity and promote fairness?

Accepted Answer

Using an interpreter if necessary

Answer

Ignoring the patient's cultural beliefs

Answer

Assuming that the patient's values are identical to their own

Answer

Forcing the patient to conform to majority norms

Question 28

Which of the following ethical theories emphasizes the importance of fulfilling duties and obligations?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Consequentialism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Contractualism

Question 29

A nurse is caring for a terminally ill patient who has expressed a desire to end their life. Which of the following is the nurse's ethical responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's autonomy and discuss their end-of-life care options

Answer

Attempt to convince the patient to change their mind

Answer

Report the patient's request to the authorities

Answer

Ignore the patient's wishes and provide life-sustaining treatment

Question 30

Which ethical principle emphasizes treating all patients equally regardless of their background and circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 31

A patient with decision-making capacity requests to end their life due to a terminal illness. Which ethical principle should guide the nurse's decision-making regarding the patient's request?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy (respect for patient's wishes)

Answer

Non-maleficence (do no harm)

Answer

Beneficence (do good)

Answer

Veracity (telling the truth)

Question 32

A patient declines a life-saving treatment due to their religious beliefs. How should the nurse respond?

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's wishes and withhold the treatment

Answer

Provide the treatment without the patient's consent

Answer

Attempt to convince the patient to receive the treatment

Answer

Report the patient to the authorities

Question 33

Which criterion is most appropriate for prioritizing patient admission to a limited number of ICU beds?

Accepted Answer

Severity of illness

Answer

First-come, first-served basis

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Patient's insurance status

Question 34

Which of the following best describes procedural justice in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that decisions are made fairly and transparently

Answer

Protecting patients from discrimination

Answer

Providing equal access to healthcare resources

Answer

Respecting patients' rights to make their own decisions

Question 35

Which fundamental ethical principle places emphasis on the equitable allocation of benefits and responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 36

In healthcare resource allocation, which theoretical approach gives priority to individuals with the most pressing needs?

Accepted Answer

Prioritarianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Egalitarianism

Answer

Libertarianism

Question 37

Which of the following characteristics does NOT align with a healthcare system founded on principles of justice?

Accepted Answer

Profitability

Answer

Equity

Answer

Accountability

Answer

Transparency

Question 38

According to the principle of distributive justice, the allocation of healthcare resources should be guided by:

Accepted Answer

Level of need and vulnerability

Answer

Individual merit or achievements

Answer

Social status or wealth

Answer

Chronological age

Question 39

Which fundamental principle of justice emphasizes equitable access to healthcare for all individuals, regardless of background or circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Fair and equal access to care for all individuals

Answer

Prioritizing the needs of the majority group over minority groups

Answer

Treating patients based on their socioeconomic status

Answer

Allowing personal preferences to influence treatment decisions

Question 40

In a triage situation, which criterion should the nurse prioritize when making decisions about patient care?

Accepted Answer

Medical urgency and need

Answer

First-come, first-served basis

Answer

Age or gender of the patient

Question 41

Which action demonstrates fairness in allocating healthcare resources?

Accepted Answer

Establishing clear and transparent criteria for distributing resources

Answer

Allocating resources based on personal judgment

Answer

Prioritizing resources for those who can afford them

Question 42

To ensure fairness in providing care to a patient from a different cultural background, the nurse should:

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's cultural beliefs and values within the scope of ethical guidelines

Answer

Impose their own cultural norms on the patient's care

Answer

Ignore the patient's cultural differences and impose their own norms

Question 43

Which characteristic is NOT essential for a just society?

Accepted Answer

Unlimited access to resources for all citizens

Answer

Protection of individual rights and freedoms

Answer

Equal opportunities for all citizens

Answer

Fair and impartial laws

Question 44

Distributive justice in healthcare refers to:

Accepted Answer

The fair and equitable distribution of healthcare resources

Answer

Prioritization of healthcare services for the wealthy

Answer

Allocation of resources based solely on medical need

Question 45

Which action by a nurse violates the principle of fairness in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Allocating resources based on favoritism

Answer

Considering all relevant factors in the decision

Answer

Seeking input from multiple sources

Question 46

To demonstrate fairness when caring for a patient who is a member of a marginalized group, the nurse should:

Accepted Answer

Advocate for the patient's needs and rights

Answer

Ignore the patient's experiences of discrimination

Answer

Treat the patient exactly the same as any other patient, regardless of background

Answer

Assume that the patient's needs are the same as those of the majority group

Question 47

Injustice in healthcare can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Health disparities and inequities

Answer

Increased patient satisfaction

Answer

Enhanced nurse-patient relationships

Answer

Improved healthcare outcomes for all

Question 48

To promote fairness in healthcare, nurses should advocate for:

Accepted Answer

Policies and practices that address health disparities and promote equity

Answer

Privatization of the healthcare system

Answer

Elimination of all healthcare regulations