Nervous System Structure and Function Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following functions is NOT attributed to the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Performing photosynthesis

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Receiving and interpreting sensory data

Answer

Formulating thoughts and memories

Question 2

Select the type of neuron responsible for carrying signals away from the cell body:

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Answer

Afferent neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 3

In the context of the autonomic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system is primarily activated during situations of:

Accepted Answer

Fight or flight

Answer

Rest and digestion

Answer

Sleep and relaxation

Answer

Homeostasis maintenance

Question 4

Which component of the neuron is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Synaptic terminal

Question 5

The medical imaging technique that provides detailed images of the brain's structure and activity is:

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Question 6

If a patient exhibits difficulty moving the right side of their body, which hemisphere of the brain is likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Right hemisphere

Answer

Left hemisphere

Answer

Both hemispheres

Answer

Neither hemisphere

Question 7

Which of the following is a component of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Answer

Innervates smooth muscle and glands

Answer

Regulates involuntary bodily functions

Answer

Processes sensory information

Question 8

What type of cell produces the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Answer

Neurons

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Astrocytes

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is released at the synapse between a neuron and a muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

What is the name of the protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, consisting of three layers?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Pia mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Question 11

Which type of action potential travels faster along an axon: myelinated or unmyelinated?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons

Answer

Unmyelinated axons

Answer

Speed is the same in both

Answer

Speed depends on the diameter of the axon

Question 12

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and digestion

Answer

Processes sensory information

Answer

Initiates voluntary movements

Answer

Regulates emotions

Question 13

What is the name of the neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by tremors, rigidity, and impaired motor function?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Receiving and processing sensory information

Answer

Controlling voluntary and involuntary actions

Answer

Initiating and controlling thoughts

Question 15

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for conscious thought and voluntary actions?

Accepted Answer

Somatic Nervous System

Answer

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer

Central Nervous System

Answer

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 16

What is the primary component of the neuron responsible for transmitting electrical impulses?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Synaptic terminal

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulating muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 18

Which of the following is the largest part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Midbrain

Question 19

What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To convey sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer

To control vital functions such as breathing and heart rate

Answer

To process complex sensory information

Answer

To store memories

Question 20

Which type of nervous system disorder is characterized by a loss of memory, reasoning, and judgment?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Epilepsy

Question 21

What is the purpose of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

To provide a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus

Answer

To control voluntary movements

Answer

To process complex sensory information

Answer

To store memories

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A ribosome that synthesizes proteins

Answer

Dendrites that receive signals from other neurons

Answer

An axon that transmits signals away from the cell body

Answer

A nucleus that contains the cell's genetic material

Question 23

Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in mood regulation and sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Question 25

Which type of nerve fiber has the thickest myelin sheath and conducts impulses the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A fibers

Answer

B fibers

Answer

C fibers

Answer

D fibers

Question 26

Which memory type enables us to consciously remember specific events and information?

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Sensory memory

Answer

Working memory

Question 27

Which part of the neuron transmits nerve impulses over long distances?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 28

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 29

What is the name of the pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ascending tracts

Answer

Descending tracts

Answer

Autonomic nerves

Answer

Sensory nerves

Question 30

Which type of nerve is responsible for conveying motor commands from the central nervous system to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Motor nerves

Answer

Sensory nerves

Answer

Autonomic nerves

Answer

Mixed nerves

Question 31

What is the name of the hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 32

Which brain imaging technique utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional images of the brain?

Accepted Answer

MRI

Answer

X-ray

Answer

CT scan

Answer

PET scan

Question 33

What is the name of the neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Control and coordination of body functions

Answer

Perception of external stimuli

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 35

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Glial cell

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Meninges

Question 36

Which type of neuron transmits sensory information towards the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Efferent neuron

Question 37

The protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively known as:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Pia mater

Question 38

Which of the following is the largest part of the brain and responsible for higher-level thinking?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Limbic system

Question 39

The primary function of the cerebellum is to control:

Accepted Answer

Balance and coordination

Answer

Memory and learning

Answer

Vision and hearing

Answer

Breathing and heartbeat

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 41

The process by which the nervous system responds to a stimulus is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Reflex

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Neural integration

Answer

Neurogenesis

Question 42

Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Loss of muscle control and tremors

Answer

Memory loss and confusion

Answer

Visual hallucinations and delusions

Answer

Seizures and convulsions

Question 43

The interdisciplinary field that encompasses the study of the nervous system is known as:

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience

Answer

Neuroanatomy

Answer

Neurology

Answer

Neurophysiology

Question 44

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 45

What is the point of contact between two neurons called?

Accepted Answer

Synapse

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Axon hillock

Answer

Neuroglia

Question 46

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the 'rest and digest' response of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 47

What is the primary responsibility of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Sensory processing and motor control

Answer

Autonomic regulation

Answer

Higher-level cognitive functions

Answer

Emotional processing

Question 48

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing language?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 49

Which type of glial cell produces the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cell

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Neuron

Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 50

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Involuntary control of involuntary body functions

Answer

Conscious control of voluntary body functions

Answer

Higher-level cognitive functions

Answer

Sensory processing

Question 51

What is the name of the fluid-filled spaces within the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ventricles

Answer

Cisterns

Answer

Subarachnoid space

Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 52

Which of the following is not a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating blood glucose levels

Answer

Receiving and interpreting sensory information

Answer

Processing and integrating information

Answer

Controlling voluntary movement

Question 53

The fundamental building block of the nervous system is the:

Accepted Answer

Neuron

Answer

Synapse

Answer

Nerve

Answer

Neuroglia

Question 54

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary actions and receiving sensory information from the body?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 55

The protective covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Vertebral column

Answer

Skull

Answer

Ependyma

Question 56

The process by which electrical signals travel along neurons is called:

Accepted Answer

Action potential propagation

Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Neural integration

Answer

Axonal transport

Question 57

Which type of sensory receptor detects changes in body position and movement?

Accepted Answer

Proprioceptors

Answer

Mechanoreceptors

Answer

Chemoreceptors

Answer

Photoreceptors

Question 58

The region of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and balance is the:

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus

Question 59

The division of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate and digestion, is the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Question 60

Which of the following is a common neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Cancer

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Production

Answer

Communication

Answer

Protection

Answer

Control

Question 62

Which type of neuroglia provides structural support and insulation for neurons in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Schwann cells

Question 63

Which structure encloses and protects the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Vertebral column

Answer

Cranium

Answer

Meninges

Answer

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 64

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for conscious thought, reasoning, and language?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Thalamus