Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Metabolism Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Cellulose

Question 2

What is the basic repeating unit of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Disaccharide

Answer

Oligosaccharide

Answer

Nucleotide

Question 3

What is the structural variation between alpha-glucose and beta-glucose?

Accepted Answer

The position of the hydroxyl group on carbon 1

Answer

The length of the carbon chain

Answer

The presence of a ketone group

Answer

The number of oxygen atoms

Question 4

What is the role of reducing sugars in the Benedict's reagent test?

Accepted Answer

They reduce Cu2+ ions to Cu+

Answer

They oxidize Cu+ ions to Cu2+

Answer

They form a precipitate with Cu2+

Answer

They change the color of the solution

Question 5

Which of the following techniques is used to separate carbohydrates based on their charge?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 6

Which type of carbohydrate consists of a single sugar unit?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Disaccharide

Answer

Oligosaccharide

Answer

Polysaccharide

Question 7

Which functional group is common to all monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Answer

Carboxyl group

Answer

Amino group

Answer

Phosphate group

Question 8

A sugar that can donate electrons is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Reducing sugar

Answer

Non-reducing sugar

Answer

Structural sugar

Answer

Energy sugar

Question 9

Which enzyme breaks down glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Nuclease

Question 10

Glucose is broken down through the metabolic pathway called:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 11

How are carbohydrates broken down to produce energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is then used to make ATP through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Answer

Carbohydrates are converted to glucose, which is then used to make ATP through photosynthesis.

Answer

Carbohydrates are broken down into amino acids, which are then used to make ATP through protein synthesis.

Answer

Carbohydrates are broken down into fatty acids, which are then used to make ATP through beta-oxidation.

Question 12

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins. What is their typical structure?

Accepted Answer

Multimeric protein

Answer

Single polypeptide chain

Answer

Glycoprotein with one carbohydrate-binding domain

Answer

Enzyme that catalyzes carbohydrate metabolism

Question 13

What is the primary metabolic pathway for **glucose** breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Glycogenolysis

Answer

TCA cycle

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of **glucose-6-phosphate** to **fructose-6-phosphate** in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 15

What is the significance of **glycogen** in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Short-term energy storage

Answer

Long-term energy storage

Answer

Structural component

Answer

Hormonal regulator

Question 16

How do insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and storage, while glucagon raises blood glucose by stimulating glucose release.

Answer

Both insulin and glucagon raise blood glucose levels.

Answer

Insulin raises blood glucose levels, while glucagon lowers blood glucose levels.

Question 17

Which statement about carbohydrates is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

They are lipids.

Answer

They serve as an energy source.

Answer

They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer

They can be utilized for structural purposes.

Question 18

Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Glycogen

Question 19

What type of bond connects monosaccharides to form polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 20

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Provide energy

Answer

Act as hormone precursors

Answer

Store vitamins

Answer

Serve as structural components

Question 21

Which enzyme breaks down starch into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Answer

Protease

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Nuclease

Question 22

Distinguish between cellulose and starch.

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate, whereas starch is a storage carbohydrate.

Answer

Cellulose is digestible, unlike starch.

Answer

Cellulose is a monosaccharide, while starch is a polysaccharide.

Question 23

What is the importance of glycosylation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

It impacts protein stability, functionality, and localization.

Answer

It is crucial for protein synthesis.

Answer

It is exclusive to prokaryotic proteins.

Question 24

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Sucrose

Question 25

Differentiate between a homopolysaccharide and a heteropolysaccharide.

Accepted Answer

Homopolysaccharides are composed of similar monosaccharide units, while heteropolysaccharides are composed of different monosaccharide units.

Answer

Homopolysaccharides are branched, while heteropolysaccharides are linear.