Bioelectricity: Electrical Properties of Biological Tissues for Biomedical Engineering

Question 1

In an electrocardiogram (ECG), what does the P-wave signify?

Accepted Answer

Atrial depolarization

Answer

Ventricular repolarization

Answer

Atrioventricular node delay

Question 2

Myelinated nerve fibers propagate electrical signals via which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Answer

Continuous conduction

Answer

Electrotonic conduction

Answer

Chemical conduction

Question 3

Defibrillators primarily act by:

Accepted Answer

Depolarizing heart muscle

Answer

Hyperpolarizing heart muscle

Answer

Increasing heart rate

Answer

Decreasing blood pressure

Question 4

A potential application of neural prosthetics includes:

Accepted Answer

Restoring motor function in paralyzed individuals

Answer

Treating epilepsy

Answer

Enhancing memory

Answer

Monitoring brain activity

Question 5

How do electrical stimulation devices work, and what are their potential uses in promoting tissue healing and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Electrical stimulation devices deliver electrical pulses to the target tissue, promoting cell growth and healing.

Answer

Electrical stimulation has no effect on tissue healing or regeneration.

Answer

Electrical stimulation devices are only used for pain management and have no role in tissue healing.

Question 6

Which of the following properties does NOT contribute to the electrical behavior of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Inductance

Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Permeability to ions

Question 7

What is the primary function of ion channels in excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the movement of ions across the cell membrane

Answer

To generate action potentials

Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential

Answer

To transmit electrical signals between cells

Question 8

What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

Accepted Answer

To initiate the heartbeat

Answer

To regulate heart rate

Answer

To pump blood from the heart

Answer

To control blood pressure

Question 9

What device is used to record electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Electromyogram (EMG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 10

How is the strength of an electric field related to the distance from the source?

Accepted Answer

Inversely proportional

Answer

Directly proportional

Answer

Constant

Answer

Exponentially proportional

Question 11

Which fundamental property of cell membranes allows them to regulate the passage of ions and molecules?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability

Answer

Electrical insulation

Answer

Mechanical rigidity

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Question 12

What component of the neuron is responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Synapse

Question 13

Which medical device utilizes bioelectricity to regulate the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Pacemaker

Answer

Defibrillator

Answer

Cochlear implant

Answer

Neural prosthesis

Question 14

Which measure quantifies the electrical excitability of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Threshold potential

Answer

Resting potential

Answer

Action potential amplitude

Answer

Membrane resistance

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a biofeedback device?

Accepted Answer

Providing real-time information about biological processes

Answer

Stimulating muscles or nerves

Answer

Recording physiological signals

Answer

Diagnosing medical conditions

Question 16

How do the strength and frequency of electrical impulses affect the force produced by a muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

The strength of the impulse determines the force of each activated fiber, while the frequency determines the number of fibers activated.

Answer

The strength of the impulse determines the force, while the frequency has no effect.

Answer

The frequency of the impulse determines the number of fibers activated, while the strength has no effect on individual fiber force.

Answer

Electrical impulses do not influence muscle force.

Question 17

Which ion is primarily responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential of a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K+)

Answer

Sodium (Na+)

Answer

Calcium (Ca2+)

Answer

Chloride (Cl-)

Question 18

What is the primary function of voltage-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

To selectively allow ions to flow across the cell membrane in response to voltage changes.

Answer

To facilitate the transport of molecules across the cell membrane.

Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential.

Question 19

What is the main purpose of a pacemaker in the heart?

Accepted Answer

To generate electrical impulses that initiate and regulate the heartbeat.

Answer

To pump blood throughout the body.

Answer

To regulate blood pressure.

Question 20

Describe the principle underlying a defibrillator's operation.

Accepted Answer

Delivering a high-energy electrical shock to the heart to restore normal electrical activity.

Answer

Lowering blood pressure.

Answer

Increasing the heart rate.

Question 21

Which of the following is an application of neural prosthetics?

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants

Answer

Defibrillators

Answer

Pacemakers

Answer

Artificial joints

Question 22

Explain the role of bioelectricity in muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Initiating the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Answer

Regulating blood flow to the muscle.

Answer

Supplying energy for muscle movement.