DNA Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following molecules are NOT present in DNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Question 2

What type of bonding occurs between adenine and thymine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Single

Answer

Double

Answer

Covalent

Question 3

What is the primary role of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural stability

Answer

Engages in base pairing

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Facilitates DNA replication

Question 4

What is the term for the process by which a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 5

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

Primase

Question 6

What is the role of telomeres in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Protecting chromosome ends

Answer

Preventing DNA damage

Answer

Initiating DNA replication

Answer

Encoding genetic information

Question 7

Which of the following techniques is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Question 8

What are the three components of a single DNA nucleotide and how are they arranged?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group

Answer

Nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, three phosphate groups

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, two nitrogenous bases

Question 9

Which experimental technique is specifically used to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 10

How does DNA methylation contribute to the diverse gene expression patterns observed among different cell types within an organism?

Accepted Answer

By inhibiting gene expression through the recruitment of methyl-CpG binding proteins, which modify chromatin to a repressive state.

Answer

By protecting DNA from degradation by nucleases, promoting gene expression.

Answer

By enhancing gene expression via the direct recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

Answer

By having no significant impact on gene expression.

Question 11

Which molecule is NOT a component of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Nitrogenous bases

Question 12

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil (correct answer)

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 13

What is the shape of the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Double helix (correct answer)

Answer

Linear

Answer

Branched

Answer

Circular

Question 14

Which bonds hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds (correct answer)

Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Question 15

What is the complementary base pairing rule for DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine (correct answer)

Answer

Adenine pairs with guanine and cytosine pairs with thymine

Answer

Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine

Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with cytosine

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase (correct answer)

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Ligase

Question 17

What is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA called?

Accepted Answer

Transcription (correct answer)

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 18

What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein, while an allele is a variant of that gene (correct answer).

Answer

An allele is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein, while a gene is a variant of that allele.

Answer

A gene and an allele are the same thing.

Answer

There is no difference between a gene and an allele.

Question 19

Which technique is used to amplify DNA?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (correct answer)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide, the building block of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Ribose sugar

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Question 21

What type of bond holds the complementary nitrogenous bases together in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Question 22

Which of the following base pairs is CORRECT in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)

Answer

Guanine (G) - Thymine (T)

Answer

Cytosine (C) - Thymine (T)

Answer

Adenine (A) - Guanine (G)

Question 23

The two strands of DNA in the double helix run in opposite directions. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Antiparallel

Answer

Complementary

Answer

Parallel

Answer

Replicated

Question 24

What is the primary function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting genetic information

Answer

Transporting molecules across cell membranes

Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Answer

Providing structural support for cells

Question 25

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 26

The process of copying DNA into RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Translation