Recombinant DNA Technology: Principles, Applications, and Ethics

Question 1

In recombinant DNA technology, which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 2

Which enzyme is specifically responsible for cleaving DNA at precise nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

Restriction endonuclease

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 3

In recombinant DNA technology, what is the primary purpose of a plasmid vector?

Accepted Answer

To deliver foreign DNA into host cells

Answer

To regulate the expression of the foreign gene

Answer

To amplify foreign DNA

Answer

To safeguard foreign DNA from degradation

Question 4

Which application of recombinant DNA technology is utilized to enhance crop yields?

Accepted Answer

Transgenic organisms

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Forensic analysis

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Question 5

In recombinant DNA technology, which technique is employed to integrate foreign DNA into plasmid vectors?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Restriction digestion

Answer

PCR

Question 6

What is the significance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Amplifying specific DNA sequences

Answer

Cleaving DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

Answer

Inserting foreign DNA into plasmid vectors

Answer

Transforming host cells

Question 7

In plasmid vectors, what is the function of a selectable marker?

Accepted Answer

enabling researchers to identify cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid

Answer

regulating the expression of foreign genes

Answer

amplifying foreign DNA

Answer

protecting foreign DNA from degradation

Question 8

What is the overarching goal of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating and controlling genetic material

Answer

Creating genetically modified organisms

Answer

Treating genetic diseases

Answer

Developing new drugs and therapies

Question 9

How is RNA interference (RNAi) technology used in recombinant DNA technology, and what are its potential therapeutic applications in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Gene silencing and regulation

Answer

Gene editing and manipulation

Answer

Protein synthesis enhancement

Question 10

Which molecular tool is primarily used to cleave DNA sequences at specific recognition sites?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Gel electrophoresis apparatus

Answer

Southern blotting membrane

Question 11

What is the purpose of a DNA library?

Accepted Answer

To preserve a collection of cloned DNA fragments for future use

Answer

To identify and isolate specific DNA sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA fragments

Answer

To determine DNA sequences

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Origin of replication

Answer

Selectable marker

Answer

Restriction enzyme recognition sites

Question 13

What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To join DNA fragments together

Answer

To cleave DNA at specific sequences

Answer

To amplify DNA fragments

Answer

To separate DNA fragments by size

Question 14

What is the primary objective of DNA sequencing in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

To determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA sequence

Answer

To amplify DNA fragments

Answer

To identify restriction enzyme recognition sites

Answer

To detect mutations

Question 15

Which three factors primarily determine the specificity and sensitivity of DNA probes?

Accepted Answer

Length, GC content, and labeling

Answer

Temperature, ionic strength, and pH

Answer

Molecular weight, viscosity, and solubility

Question 16

Which international mechanism is primarily used to address the ethical, legal, and societal implications of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

International treaties and agreements

Answer

Bilateral agreements between individual nations

Answer

Non-binding guidelines issued by scientific organizations

Question 17

Which enzyme is primarily used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, generating fragments with complementary sticky ends?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzyme

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Question 18

In the process of gene cloning, what technique is employed to insert the foreign DNA fragment into a plasmid vector?

Accepted Answer

Ligation

Answer

Electrophoresis

Answer

Transformation

Question 19

In the context of recombinant DNA technology, what is the primary function of a promoter region?

Accepted Answer

To control the initiation and level of gene expression

Answer

To facilitate DNA replication

Answer

To provide a binding site for ribosomes during translation

Answer

To enhance DNA stability

Question 20

Which technique is commonly used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge, allowing for their visualization and analysis?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 21

Ethical concerns surrounding recombinant DNA technology primarily focus on:

Accepted Answer

Potential risks to human health and the environment

Answer

Patent issues

Answer

Cost and accessibility

Question 22

The term 'recombinant DNA' refers to DNA molecules that have been:

Accepted Answer

Genetically engineered to contain a gene from another organism

Answer

Chemically synthesized in the laboratory

Answer

Naturally occurring in all living organisms

Answer

Derived exclusively from a single organism

Question 23

Which technology allows for the rapid amplification of specific DNA sequences, generating millions of copies?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Gene cloning