RNA Structure and Function: Master the Basics for Biotechnology

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

miRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA, transfer (tRNA), and messenger (mRNA) are types of RNA

Answer

Single-stranded

Answer

Contains uracil instead of thymine

Answer

Has a sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 3

What is the building block of RNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Nucleoside

Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Lipid

Question 4

Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 5

What is the role of a codon in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To specify an amino acid in protein synthesis

Answer

To initiate protein synthesis

Answer

To terminate protein synthesis

Answer

To transport amino acids to the ribosome

Question 6

Which type of RNA has a cloverleaf structure and is responsible for transferring amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

snRNA

Question 7

What is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Reverse transcription

Question 8

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Question 9

How does RNA processing differ between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes undergo RNA splicing to remove introns, while prokaryotes do not

Answer

Prokaryotes undergo RNA splicing to remove introns, while eukaryotes do not

Answer

Eukaryotes have introns, while prokaryotes do not

Answer

Prokaryotes have introns, while eukaryotes do not

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

Accepted Answer

Protein degradation

Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Viral defense

Answer

Cell growth regulation

Question 11

What is the primary function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

To inhibit gene expression

Answer

To promote gene expression

Answer

To stabilize RNA molecules

Answer

To translate RNA molecules

Question 12

The repeating sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA is composed of:

Accepted Answer

Ribose and phosphate

Answer

Ribose and deoxyribose

Answer

Deoxyribose and phosphate

Answer

Deoxyribose and ribose

Question 13

The primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is:

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Transport of genetic information

Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Answer

Catalytic activity in enzymatic reactions

Question 14

mRNA and tRNA differ in that:

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries the genetic code while tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome.

Answer

tRNA carries the genetic code while mRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome.

Answer

mRNA and tRNA have the same function.

Answer

tRNA is a type of mRNA.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Translation of mRNA

Answer

Splicing of pre-mRNA

Answer

Formation of the spliceosome

Answer

Regulation of gene expression

Question 16

The structure of a typical tRNA molecule is:

Accepted Answer

Cloverleaf-shaped and single-stranded

Answer

Single-stranded and linear

Answer

Double-stranded and circular

Answer

Double-stranded and linear

Question 17

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not present in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 18

Which of the following is not a type of RNA?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 19

What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transporting amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Translating the genetic code

Answer

Catalyzing peptide bond formation

Answer

Proofreading the newly synthesized protein

Question 20

Which of the following is a key structural feature of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

The presence of a 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail

Answer

The formation of a double helix

Answer

The presence of introns

Answer

The absence of a promoter region

Question 21

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA makes RNA makes proteins

Answer

Proteins make RNA makes DNA

Answer

RNA makes proteins makes DNA

Answer

DNA makes proteins makes RNA

Question 22

Which of the following techniques is used to study the expression of specific genes?

Accepted Answer

Northern blotting

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 23

Which of the following is a non-coding RNA involved in gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 24

What is the distinction between a catalytic RNA molecule (ribozyme) and an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Ribozymes use RNA for catalysis, while enzymes use proteins

Answer

Ribozymes have higher specificity than enzymes

Answer

Ribozymes are found only in prokaryotes

Answer

There is no difference between them