Gastrointestinal Drugs: Mechanisms and Clinical Uses for Nurses

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for antacids used to treat gastrointestinal disorders?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing gastric acid

Answer

Blocking histamine receptors

Answer

Inhibiting gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulating colonic motility

Question 2

A patient presents with nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy. Which antiemetic medication is most appropriate as the first-line therapy?

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 3

Which of the following types of laxatives increases colonic motility to promote bowel movements?

Accepted Answer

Stimulant laxatives

Answer

Bulk-forming laxatives

Answer

Osmotic laxatives

Answer

Lubricant laxatives

Question 4

When educating a patient on proton pump inhibitor therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease, the nurse should emphasize monitoring for which potential adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Hypochloremia

Answer

Hypermagnesemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 5

Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for the use of stimulant laxatives?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Fecal impaction

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 6

When administering sucralfate to a patient with a peptic ulcer, the nurse should instruct the patient to take the medication on an empty stomach to:

Accepted Answer

Maximize therapeutic effect

Answer

Enhance absorption

Answer

Reduce side effects

Answer

Minimize drug interactions

Question 7

Which nursing intervention is most effective in managing symptoms of gastroparesis?

Accepted Answer

Administer frequent small meals

Answer

Elevate the head of the patient's bed

Answer

Avoid carbonated beverages

Answer

Encourage strenuous exercise

Question 8

A patient with severe diarrhea is at an increased risk of developing which electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 9

Which of the following medications is primarily used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Alosetron

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Bisacodyl

Question 10

When teaching a patient about bulk-forming laxatives, the nurse should emphasize the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Consuming adequate fluids

Answer

Expecting immediate results

Answer

Avoiding other medications

Answer

Discontinuing use if abdominal pain occurs

Question 11

What is the primary mechanism of action for antacids?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Blocking histamine receptors

Answer

Stimulating mucus secretion

Question 12

What is the primary mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells

Answer

Inhibiting H2 receptors

Answer

Inhibiting the Na+/K+ ATPase pump

Answer

Stimulating mucus production

Question 13

The primary mechanism of action for antacids is to:

Accepted Answer

Neutralize gastric acid

Answer

Inhibit gastric acid secretion

Answer

Coat the gastric mucosa

Answer

Stimulate gastric motility

Question 14

The most effective type of antiemetic to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy is:

Accepted Answer

Serotonin-3 receptor antagonists

Answer

Dopamine antagonists

Answer

Histamine-1 receptor antagonists

Answer

Muscarinic antagonists

Question 15

The most common adverse effect of prolonged laxative use is:

Accepted Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Bowel perforation

Question 16

The drug commonly used as a cathartic is:

Accepted Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide

Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Docusate sodium

Question 17

The stimulant laxative is:

Accepted Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide

Answer

Docusate sodium

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary mechanism of action of antiemetics?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer

Stimulation of gastrointestinal motility

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action of antacids?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Answer

Stimulation of gastric acid secretion

Answer

Reduction of gastric motility

Answer

Enhancement of gastric mucosal defenses

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA)?

Accepted Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Lansoprazole

Question 21

What is the primary mechanism of action of misoprostol?

Accepted Answer

Cytoprotection of gastric mucosa

Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulation of gastric motility

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Question 22

What is the primary reason for administering antacids?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 23

Which mechanism of action is unique to osmotic laxatives?

Accepted Answer

Increase water retention in the intestinal lumen

Answer

Stimulate secretion of colonic fluid

Answer

Soften stool by absorbing bile acids

Answer

Promote colonic peristalsis by directly stimulating nerve endings

Question 24

Which antacid acts by **neutralizing** stomach acid?

Accepted Answer

Aluminum hydroxide

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Ondansetron

Question 25

The primary indication for using laxatives is to:**

Accepted Answer

Relieve constipation

Answer

Prevent nausea

Answer

Treat diarrhea

Answer

Manage gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 26

For **post-operative** nausea and vomiting, which antiemetic is commonly used?

Accepted Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Dimenhydrinate

Answer

Lactulose

Answer

Magnesium hydroxide

Question 27

Excessive sucralfate use can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Hypomagnesemia

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Renal failure

Question 28

Which laxative type exerts its effect by drawing water **into** the colon?

Accepted Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Docusate sodium

Answer

Magnesium citrate

Question 29

When administering metoclopramide, a key nursing consideration is to observe for:

Accepted Answer

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer

Ensuring adequate hydration

Answer

Using a nasogastric tube for administration

Answer

Diluting the medication prior to administration

Question 30

To **inhibit** gastric acid secretion for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which drug is used?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Polyethylene glycol

Answer

Lactulose

Question 31

A **common** side effect of bisacodyl is:

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Abdominal cramps

Answer

Dizziness

Question 32

Ondansetron, an antiemetic, works by blocking which receptor?

Accepted Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Promethazine

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Dimenhydrinate

Question 33

When educating patients about lactulose, it's important to inform them about:

Accepted Answer

Potential flatulence and abdominal distension

Answer

Taking it before bed to improve sleep

Answer

Avoiding it in patients with diabetes

Answer

Contraindications in patients with renal impairment

Question 34

Which condition requires antacid administration?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 35

Which drug class interacts with antacids, reducing their effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Tetracyclines

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antifungals

Answer

Antivirals

Question 36

When administering laxatives, which patient parameter is crucial to monitor to avoid complications?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes

Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Respiratory rate

Question 37

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for antacids?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization of stomach acid by reacting with hydrogen ions

Answer

Stimulation of gastric mucus production

Answer

Promotion of gastric emptying

Answer

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an indication for the appropriate use of an antiemetic?

Accepted Answer

Management of migraine headaches

Answer

Treatment of motion sickness

Answer

Relief of post-operative nausea

Question 39

What is the recommended route of administration for suppositories?

Accepted Answer

Rectal insertion, allowing the medication to dissolve and release locally

Answer

Sublingual placement, enabling rapid absorption through the oral mucosa

Answer

Intravenous injection, providing immediate systemic effects

Answer

Oral ingestion, facilitating absorption through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 40

Which of the following medications is primarily indicated for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Mesalamine, an aminosalicylate that reduces inflammation in the腸道l tract

Answer

Metoclopramide, an antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting

Answer

Lactulose, an osmotic laxative used to treat constipation

Answer

Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor used to suppress gastric acid secretion

Question 41

Which of the following is a potential drug interaction involving antacids?

Accepted Answer

Reduced absorption of iron supplements due to the formation of insoluble iron complexes

Answer

Enhanced metabolism of H2-receptor antagonists due to increased liver blood flow

Answer

Increased absorption of antibiotics due to enhanced gastric pH

Answer

Prolonged duration of action of antiemetics due to decreased gastric emptying

Question 42

What is the recommended nursing intervention for a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting?

Accepted Answer

Encourage small, frequent meals to minimize gastric distension and reduce nausea

Answer

Restrict oral intake to prevent further vomiting

Answer

Administer antiemetics immediately to suppress the vomiting reflex

Question 43

H2-receptor antagonists primarily inhibit which process?

Accepted Answer

Gastric acid secretion

Answer

Gastric motility

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Answer

Emulsification of stomach contents

Question 44

Ondansetron's mechanism of action for preventing nausea and vomiting involves:

Accepted Answer

Blocking serotonin receptors in the central nervous system

Answer

Neutralizing stomach acid

Answer

Stimulating gastric motility

Question 45

For diarrhea caused by C. difficile infection, the first-line treatment is:

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Lactulose

Answer

Loperamide

Question 46

Osmotic laxatives primarily act by:

Accepted Answer

Drawing water into the colon, stimulating bowel movements

Answer

Increasing gastric motility

Answer

Reducing gastric acid secretion

Question 47

A potential adverse effect of mineral oil is:

Accepted Answer

Lipid pneumonia

Answer

Electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Constipation

Question 48

Tegaserod improves bowel function in chronic constipation by:

Accepted Answer

Stimulating serotonin receptors in the colon

Answer

Reducing gastric motility

Answer

Increasing gastric acid secretion

Answer

Blocking acetylcholine receptors in the colon

Question 49

A contraindication to the use of bisacodyl suppositories is:

Accepted Answer

Bowel obstruction

Answer

Renal impairment

Answer

Hepatic disease

Answer

Constipation

Question 50

The primary nursing intervention for administering sucralfate is to:

Accepted Answer

Administer the medication on an empty stomach

Answer

Monitor for constipation

Answer

Assess for nausea and vomiting

Answer

Check for orthostatic hypotension