Brain and Behavior: Exploring the Biological Foundations of Psychology

Question 1

Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating voluntary movement, balance, and muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for reward, motivation, and coordination of movement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating body temperature and heart rate

Answer

Controlling voluntary muscle movement

Answer

Processing sensory information

Answer

Storing memories

Question 4

Neurotransmitters are released at the:

Accepted Answer

Axon terminals

Answer

Dendrites

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 5

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Coordinating movement and balance

Answer

Processing emotions

Answer

Storing memories

Answer

Understanding language

Question 6

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is associated with language comprehension and production?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 7

Long-term potentiation refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Strengthening of synaptic connections due to repeated stimulation

Answer

Weakening of synaptic connections due to repeated stimulation

Answer

Temporary increase in neural activity

Answer

Permanent decrease in neural activity

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 9

The blood-brain barrier:

Accepted Answer

Protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Answer

Allows all substances in the blood to freely enter the brain

Answer

Is only permeable to oxygen and glucose

Answer

Is found only in the spinal cord

Question 10

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a research method used to:

Accepted Answer

Record electrical activity in the brain

Answer

Visualize brain structures

Answer

Measure blood flow in the brain

Answer

Detect genetic abnormalities

Question 11

The endocrine system communicates through:

Accepted Answer

Chemical messengers called hormones

Answer

Electrical signals

Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward, motivation, and movement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Which brain lobe is responsible for processing auditory information?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 14

Which genetic disorder is characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive facial features?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Williams syndrome

Answer

Fragile X syndrome

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 15

Which brain imaging technique uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 16

Which branch of the nervous system controls involuntary bodily functions?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 17

Which hormone plays a role in regulating blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 18

Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by difficulty with social interactions and communication?

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes the limbic system and its functions?

Accepted Answer

A network of brain structures involved in processing emotions, forming memories, and driving motivations.

Answer

A single brain region responsible for controlling all aspects of behavior.

Answer

A collection of neurons that facilitate communication between the brain and spinal cord.

Question 20

Which statement accurately describes the key differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic: prepares the body for fight-or-flight responses; Parasympathetic: prepares the body for rest and digestion.

Answer

Sympathetic: prepares the body for rest and digestion; Parasympathetic: prepares the body for fight-or-flight responses.

Answer

Both divisions prepare the body for rest and relaxation.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 22

The structure that serves as a relay center for sensory and motor information is the:

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 23

The division of the nervous system that controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion is the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Question 24

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 25

The technique used to monitor brain activity by measuring electrical impulses is known as:

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 26

The concept stating that our traits and behaviors are primarily influenced by our genetic makeup is known as:

Accepted Answer

Genetic determinism

Answer

Psychodynamic theory

Answer

Behavioral theory

Answer

Humanistic theory

Question 27

Which brain hemisphere is predominantly involved in mathematical calculations and logical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Left hemisphere

Answer

Right hemisphere

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Question 28

Neurons primarily communicate with each other through:

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters

Answer

Electrical impulses

Answer

Chemical messengers

Answer

Hormones

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a primary component of the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Peripheral nerves

Question 30

The process by which neurons transmit signals to each other is called:

Accepted Answer

Synaptic transmission

Answer

Axonal transport

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Question 31

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 32

Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of reward and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 33

The field of study that investigates the relationship between the nervous system and behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral neuroscience

Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Physiological psychology

Question 34

Which of the following factors is believed to influence brain development?

Accepted Answer

Both genetics and environment

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Environment

Answer

Neither genetics nor environment

Question 35

The ability of the brain to adapt and change over time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity

Answer

Cognitive flexibility

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Answer

Neurogenesis

Question 36

The division of the nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heartbeat and digestion, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Voluntary nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 37

Which of the following techniques is used to measure brain activity by detecting changes in electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Question 38

Which brain structure is responsible for regulating essential life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 39

Synaptic plasticity is crucial for memory formation. How does it contribute to this process?

Accepted Answer

Strengthens specific synapses

Answer

Creates new synapses

Answer

Removes unnecessary synapses

Question 40

When interpreting neuroimaging data, it's crucial to consider its limitations. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of neuroimaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

Unambiguous interpretation of results

Answer

Low spatial resolution

Answer

High temporal resolution

Answer

Susceptibility to artifacts

Question 41

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the experience of reward and pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 42

Which brain structure plays a crucial role in regulating body temperature, appetite, and sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Question 43

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital

Answer

Parietal

Answer

Temporal

Answer

Frontal

Question 44

The transmission of signals along neurons is characterized by what type of event?

Accepted Answer

Electrical impulse (action potential)

Answer

Chemical signal (neurotransmitter release)

Answer

Structural component (axon or dendrite)

Question 45

Which neuroimaging technique uses magnetic resonance imaging to measure changes in brain blood flow associated with neural activity?

Accepted Answer

fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Answer

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

Answer

MEG (Magnetoencephalography)

Answer

EEG (Electroencephalography)

Question 46

The brain's capacity to adapt and modify its structure and function throughout life is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Question 47

Which hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, is responsible for stimulating growth?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroid Hormone

Question 48

The division of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for "fight or flight" responses is the:

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer

Enteric Nervous System

Answer

Somatic Nervous System

Question 49

Which of the following is part of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Meninges

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Brain

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a component of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Axon

Answer

Cell body

Answer

Dendrites

Question 51

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 52

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 53

Which hormone is released from the adrenal glands in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Estrogen

Question 54

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Huntington's disease