Prenatal and Infant Development: Explore Physical, Cognitive, and Social Growth

Question 1

In infancy, secure attachment is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The infant explores their surroundings while using their caregiver as a safe base to return to.

Answer

The infant avoids their caregiver.

Answer

The infant clings to their caregiver excessively.

Question 2

According to Piaget's theory, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 3

What is the term for the preference that newborns display for looking at faces over other patterns?

Accepted Answer

Face recognition

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Social referencing

Question 4

What is the primary attachment style characterized by a secure and trusting bond between infant and caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Disorganized

Question 5

Which of the following reflexes is present at birth and typically disappears by 4-6 months?

Accepted Answer

Rooting

Answer

Grasping

Answer

Moro

Answer

Stepping

Question 6

What is the term for the ability of infants to imitate facial expressions and gestures?

Accepted Answer

Imitation

Answer

Social referencing

Answer

Mirror neurons

Answer

Intersubjectivity

Question 7

What is the name of the hormone that triggers the onset of labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Endorphins

Question 8

What is the name of the condition where an infant has difficulty gaining weight and thriving?

Accepted Answer

Failure to thrive

Answer

Marasmus

Answer

Kwashiorkor

Answer

Malnutrition

Question 9

Which option is NOT a characteristic of the Preoperational stage in Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Egocentrism

Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Symbolic thinking

Question 10

Which reflex allows newborns to instinctively grasp objects placed in their hands?

Accepted Answer

Palmar grasp reflex

Answer

Babinski reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Rooting reflex

Question 11

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth and high control, providing clear expectations and limits while also being supportive and responsive?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Answer

Authoritarian

Answer

Permissive

Answer

Neglectful

Question 12

What is the primary means by which a fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother?

Accepted Answer

Placental circulation

Answer

Amniocentesis

Answer

Fetal breathing

Answer

Umbilical breathing

Question 13

Which stage of development is considered a critical period for brain growth and synaptic pruning?

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Early adulthood

Answer

Middle adulthood

Question 14

Which attachment style is characterized by the child feeling secure, loved, and supported by their caregiver, leading to positive outcomes in social and emotional development?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer

Insecure-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 15

Which developmental milestone, typically achieved around 6 months of age, involves the ability to change positions from lying down to rolling over?

Accepted Answer

Rolling over

Answer

Sitting up

Answer

Crawling

Answer

Walking

Question 16

Which hormone is responsible for triggering uterine contractions and initiating the process of labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Testosterone

Question 17

Which of the following represents a major milestone in cognitive development during infancy?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Crawling

Answer

Teething

Question 18

How does social development typically progress during infancy?

Accepted Answer

From self-centered to social interaction

Answer

From social interaction to self-centered

Answer

From egocentric to self-aware

Answer

From imitation to independent play

Question 19

Which hormone triggers uterine contractions during labor?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Endorphins

Question 20

What is the main purpose of the amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

To cushion and protect the fetus

Answer

To provide nutrition to the fetus

Answer

To regulate fetal temperature

Answer

To promote fetal lung development

Question 21

Which of the following describes a characteristic of attachment in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Secure, avoidant, anxious-ambivalent

Answer

Stable, consistent, predictable

Answer

Unidirectional, from parent to child

Answer

Non-exclusive, involving multiple caregivers

Question 22

What is the name of the reflex that assists newborns in locating the breast or bottle during feeding?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Grasp reflex

Answer

Stepping reflex

Question 23

Which sleep pattern is typical of infants?

Accepted Answer

Frequent naps throughout the day

Answer

Wakeful for hours at a time

Answer

Long stretches of uninterrupted sleep

Answer

Awake only during feeding times

Question 24

How does providing adequate cognitive stimulation in early childhood contribute to a child's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Strengthens neural connections, supporting cognitive abilities.

Answer

May help prevent developmental delays and learning challenges.

Answer

Ensures future academic success.

Answer

Addresses temperament-related difficulties.

Question 25

In infancy, what distinguishes temperament from personality?

Accepted Answer

Temperament is innate, while personality is learned.

Answer

Personality is innate, while temperament is learned.

Answer

Temperament and personality are the same.

Answer

Personality is just a collection of temperament traits.

Question 26

According to Piaget's theory, infants progress through which stage of cognitive development first?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Development of language

Answer

Rapid cell division

Answer

Formation of major organ systems

Answer

Growth of limbs

Question 28

The attachment style developed between an infant and their primary caregiver is:

Accepted Answer

Learned and influenced by experiences

Answer

Innate and unchangeable

Answer

Determined solely by genetics

Answer

Not significant in the early years of life

Question 29

According to Erikson's theory, infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust during which stage?

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a physical milestone typically achieved by infants during the first six months of life?

Accepted Answer

Communicating needs through crying or coos

Answer

Raising the head 45 degrees

Answer

Rolling over

Answer

Sitting up without support

Question 31

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, during the sensorimotor stage, infants:

Accepted Answer

Learn primarily through hands-on exploration and interactions with the environment

Answer

Develop the ability to solve complex problems using symbols

Answer

Develop a comprehensive understanding of themselves and others

Answer

Understand abstract concepts

Question 32

Which of the following is a key component of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Answer

The concept of mother-infant attachment

Answer

The idea that learning is solely influenced by reinforcement and punishment

Answer

The belief that all learning is innate and predetermined

Question 33

What is the term for the primary caregiver who provides consistent emotional and physical care to an infant?

Accepted Answer

Primary attachment figure

Answer

Bonding parent

Answer

Caretaker

Answer

Guardian

Question 34

Which type of parenting style is characterized by high levels of warmth, clear expectations, and supportive discipline?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Answer

Authoritarian

Answer

Permissive

Answer

Uninvolved

Question 35

What is the term for the rapid growth and development of neural connections in the infant brain during the first two years of life?

Accepted Answer

Synaptogenesis

Answer

Myelination

Answer

Neurogenesis

Answer

Axonal pruning

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a stage of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Infancy

Answer

Germinal stage

Answer

Embryonic stage

Answer

Fetal stage

Question 37

What structure in the embryo develops into the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Answer

Endoderm

Answer

Ectoderm

Answer

Mesoderm

Question 38

According to Erik Erikson, the major psychosocial conflict during infancy is:

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer

Autonomy vs. Shame

Answer

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 39

Which of the following reflexes is NOT present in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Crawling reflex

Answer

Stepping reflex

Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Sucking reflex

Question 40

What is the primary purpose of attachment for infants?

Accepted Answer

To ensure physical and emotional safety

Answer

To gain independence

Answer

To learn language

Answer

To develop cognitive skills

Question 41

What is the best way to promote secure attachment between an infant and caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Responding sensitively and consistently to infant cues

Answer

Avoiding eye contact

Answer

Leaving the infant alone for long periods

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of securely attached infants?

Accepted Answer

High levels of exploratory behavior

Answer

Excessive crying

Answer

Inconsistent emotional regulation

Answer

Avoidance of caregivers

Question 43

What is the importance of play in infant development?

Accepted Answer

It promotes cognitive, social, and emotional growth

Answer

It only helps develop motor skills

Answer

It can be harmful if not supervised

Question 44

Which of the following is a teratogen that can lead to developmental abnormalities in a fetus?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumed by the mother

Answer

The mother's moderate exercise routine

Answer

Classical music played during pregnancy

Answer

Folic acid supplements taken by the mother

Question 45

A baby turns its head towards a touch on its cheek. This is an example of which reflex?

Accepted Answer

Rooting reflex

Answer

Moro reflex

Answer

Grasping reflex

Question 46

According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development do children begin to understand object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor

Answer

Concrete operational

Answer

Preoperational

Answer

Formal operational

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic of the secure attachment style in Ainsworth's Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

The child shows distress when the caregiver leaves and seeks comfort upon their return.

Answer

The child shows no distress when the caregiver leaves and ignores them upon their return.

Answer

The child shows intense distress when the caregiver leaves and remains upset even upon their return.

Question 48

The process by which infants lose the ability to distinguish between sounds not used in their native language is called:

Accepted Answer

Perceptual narrowing

Answer

Accommodation

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 49

A child who can understand that a tall, narrow glass can hold the same amount of liquid as a short, wide glass has likely developed:

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Answer

Symbolic thought

Answer

Egocentrism

Answer

Object permanence

Question 50

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth and responsiveness, but low demands and control?

Accepted Answer

Permissive

Answer

Authoritarian

Answer

Uninvolved

Answer

Authoritative

Question 51

The period of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that marks the transition from childhood to adulthood is known as:

Accepted Answer

Puberty

Answer

Adolescence

Answer

Early childhood

Answer

Emerging adulthood

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of temperament in infants?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Answer

Activity level

Answer

Emotionality

Question 53

The development of fine motor skills in infancy typically follows a:

Accepted Answer

Proximodistal pattern

Answer

Cephalocaudal pattern

Answer

Linear pattern