Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following is a key symptom of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty paying attention and staying focused

Accepted Answer

Constant fidgeting or restlessness

Answer

Excessive anxiety and fear in social situations

Answer

Unusually low energy levels and motivation

Question 2

A child exhibits difficulty maintaining focus in class, along with excessive activity and impulsive behavior. Which neurodevelopmental disorder is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer

Intellectual Disability (ID)

Answer

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Question 3

How does family therapy contribute to the management of neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

By altering family communication patterns and minimizing conflicts within the family unit.

Answer

By providing individual counseling sessions to family members to address their mental health concerns.

Answer

By being an ineffective treatment option for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity

Answer

Social interaction difficulties

Answer

Delayed language development

Question 5

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Difficulties in social interactions

Answer

Excessive activity and impulsivity

Answer

Significant intellectual impairment

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Difficulty with social interactions and communication

Answer

Repetitive patterns of behavior and interests

Question 7

What is a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or unusual development in social communication and interaction

Answer

Extreme hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Physical deformities

Question 8

What is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Difficulties in social communication and interaction

Answer

Constant hyperactivity

Answer

Intellectual impairment

Question 9

Which symptom is characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Social and communication difficulties

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 10

Which of the following is a common symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or impaired language development

Answer

Average or above-average intelligence

Answer

Strong social skills and social awareness

Question 11

What is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or unusual language development

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Excessive energy and difficulty controlling impulses

Question 12

Which of these is a key symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or unusual language development

Answer

Extreme hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Severe intellectual disability

Answer

Frequent and sudden seizures

Question 13

Which characteristic is not typically associated with children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Struggling with organizational skills

Answer

Difficulty paying attention and maintaining focus

Answer

Engaging in impulsive behaviors and excessive movement

Question 14

Which of the following is a defining symptom of autism spectrum disorder, characterized by difficulties in reciprocal social interactions and communication?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with social interactions and communication

Answer

Hyperactivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Delusions

Question 15

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT a primary diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability and language impairment

Answer

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts

Answer

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Answer

Symptoms present in the early developmental period

Question 16

Which of the following is a key symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty interpreting social cues

Accepted Answer

Challenges with language and communication

Accepted Answer

Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests

Answer

Excessive social anxiety

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Difficulty with social interactions and communication

Answer

Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Average or above-average intelligence

Answer

Difficulty with social interactions

Answer

Repetitive behaviors or interests

Question 19

Which symptom is a core characteristic of autism spectrum disorder, affecting an individual's ability to interact socially and understand social cues?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with social interactions

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 20

What is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or impaired language development

Answer

Excessive hyperactivity

Answer

Aggressive behaviors

Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 21

According to the DSM-5, which of these is a key feature of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Ongoing challenges in social communication and interaction in various settings

Answer

Excessive activity, impulsiveness, and lack of attention that hinder daily life

Answer

Significant intellectual limitations and difficulties in adaptive functioning across multiple areas

Question 22

Which of the following is a key characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with social interactions and communication

Answer

Typical language development

Answer

Absence of repetitive behaviors

Answer

Normal eye contact

Question 23

Which of the following is a key symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in social interactions

Accepted Answer

Delayed language development

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 24

What is a primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with social interactions

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Delusions and hallucinations

Question 25

Which defining characteristic is strongly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Impairments in social interactions and communication

Answer

Advanced language skills

Answer

Average cognitive development

Question 26

What is a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Challenges with social interaction and communication

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Delusions and hallucinations

Question 27

What is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Specific learning disorder

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Significant social impairment

Answer

Difficulty maintaining attention

Answer

Extreme hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Academic difficulties

Question 29

Intellectual disability is defined by an IQ score below which value?

Accepted Answer

70

Answer

85

Answer

90

Answer

100

Question 30

Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the neurobiology of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 31

What is the term for the perspective that emphasizes abnormalities in brain structure and function as the underlying cause of neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Neurodevelopmental theory

Answer

Psychodynamic theory

Answer

Behavioral theory

Answer

Cognitive theory

Question 32

What is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in children?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Specific learning disorder

Question 33

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of ADHD inattentive presentation?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty sustaining attention

Answer

Excessive fidgeting and restlessness

Answer

Impulsivity

Answer

Frequent disruptions in social settings

Question 34

What is the approximate prevalence of ASD in the United States?

Accepted Answer

1 in 54 children

Answer

1 in 100 children

Answer

1 in 200 children

Answer

1 in 500 children

Question 35

How does genetics contribute to the development of neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Genetics play a significant role in the development of most neurodevelopmental disorders.

Answer

Genetics play a minor role in the development of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Answer

Genetics play no role in the development of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Answer

The role of genetics in the development of neurodevelopmental disorders is still unclear.

Question 36

In attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which neurotransmitter system is implicated in its development?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 37

When assessing neurodevelopmental disorders, what is the primary method used to evaluate intellectual functioning?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence tests

Answer

Neuroimaging scans

Answer

Behavioral observations

Answer

Family history interviews

Question 38

Which subtype of ADHD is characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, but without significant hyperactivity or impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

Predominantly Inattentive

Answer

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

Answer

Combined

Answer

Other, Not Specified

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of intellectual disability (ID)?

Accepted Answer

Onset after age 18

Answer

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning

Answer

Significant limitations in adaptive functioning

Answer

Difficulty with social skills

Question 40

Which neuroimaging technique is most commonly used to diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 41

Which treatment approach has been shown to be most effective for improving social skills in children with ASD?

Accepted Answer

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer

Social skills training

Answer

Medication

Question 42

Which type of medication is commonly used to treat hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Question 43

Which symptom is a core characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or impaired language development

Answer

Sustained and focused attention

Answer

Intellectual functioning within the average range

Question 44

What is a defining characteristic that distinguishes neurodevelopmental disorders from other mental health conditions?

Accepted Answer

They primarily involve difficulties in social interactions, communication, and cognitive functioning.

Answer

They emerge solely in adulthood.

Answer

They are exclusively caused by environmental factors.

Answer

They are temporary conditions that usually resolve with age.

Question 45

Which of these is *not* a common symptom of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Intense focus on specific interests

Answer

Trouble staying focused

Answer

Excessive fidgeting

Answer

Acting impulsively

Question 46

Which subcategory of autism spectrum disorder is characterized by a notable absence of significant social communication difficulties?

Accepted Answer

Asperger's Syndrome

Answer

Autistic Disorder

Answer

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Answer

Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

Question 47

Which of the following is a key characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or atypical language development

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with social interactions

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Intellectual disability

Question 48

Which of these is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or unusual language development

Answer

Extreme hyperactivity

Answer

Normal intellectual abilities

Question 49

What neurodevelopmental disorder is distinguished by challenges with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity?

Accepted Answer

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer

Intellectual disability

Answer

Specific learning disorder

Question 50

Which of the following conditions is not commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Dyslexia

Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Depression

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 51

Which subtype of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) primarily presents with difficulty sustaining attention?

Accepted Answer

Predominantly Inattentive Presentation

Answer

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation

Answer

Combined Presentation

Answer

Other Specified ADHD Presentation

Question 52

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a therapeutic approach primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Improve social and communication skills

Answer

Enhance cognitive abilities

Answer

Reduce anxiety and depression

Answer

Promote physical development

Question 53

What is the primary distinction between Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Presence of significant intellectual impairment

Answer

Presence of social communication deficits

Answer

Presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors

Answer

Presence of sensory processing difficulties

Question 54

In the context of neurodevelopmental disorders, what is the primary purpose of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)?

Accepted Answer

To safeguard the confidentiality of individuals' educational records

Answer

To ensure equal access to educational opportunities

Answer

To mandate the provision of related services

Answer

To protect individuals from discrimination

Question 55

Which of the following standardized assessments is commonly employed for screening purposes in Intellectual Disability?

Accepted Answer

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales

Answer

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Answer

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Answer

Behavior Assessment System for Children

Question 56

According to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, which of the following is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent difficulty with social communication and interaction

Accepted Answer

Repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Answer

Delayed speech and language development

Question 57

Which neurotransmitter is **primarily** implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Glutamate

Question 58

What is the prognosis for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Varies depending on the specific disorder

Answer

Typically poor

Answer

Always positive

Answer

Cannot be predicted

Question 59

Which defining symptom distinguishes autism spectrum disorder from other neurodevelopmental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Impairments in social communication and interaction

Answer

Excessive hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Significant intellectual disability

Answer

Delayed language development

Question 60

What is the primary neurotransmitter implicated in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

GABA

Question 61

What is the primary goal of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

To improve communication and social skills

Answer

To reduce repetitive behaviors

Answer

To enhance cognitive development

Answer

To prevent ASD from worsening

Question 62

Which of the following medications is typically prescribed as the first-line treatment for the core symptoms of ADHD?

Accepted Answer

Stimulants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Mood stabilizers

Question 63

Which of the following is **not** a characteristic feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

Above-average cognitive abilities

Answer

Difficulty sustaining attention

Answer

Hyperactivity and impulsivity

Answer

Difficulty following instructions

Question 64

Which of the following is a primary symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

Delayed or atypical language development

Answer

Difficulty focusing

Answer

Intellectual disability