Social Psychology: Uncover the Influence of Social Factors on Behavior and Cognition

Question 1

How does social comparison influence individuals' self-esteem and body image?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison can affect self-esteem and body image in both positive and negative ways, depending on the comparisons made.

Answer

Social comparison always lowers self-esteem and body image, making people feel worse about themselves.

Answer

Social comparison has no impact on self-esteem or body image; these are determined by other factors.

Answer

Social comparison mainly affects self-esteem and body image in cultures that emphasize group conformity.

Question 2

Who proposed the two-factor theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

Stanley Schachter

Answer

Solomon Asch

Answer

Stanley Milgram

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 3

How does social psychology contribute to our understanding and efforts to address social issues like poverty, inequality, and climate change?

Accepted Answer

Social psychology helps us understand the psychological factors that influence social problems, leading to more effective interventions.

Answer

Social psychology is mainly focused on lab studies and has limited relevance to real-world social issues.

Answer

Social psychologists are solely responsible for solving social problems, and their research should not inform policy.

Answer

Social psychology has no role in addressing social issues, as these problems are caused solely by economic factors.

Question 4

Which social psychological intervention is most effective in reducing prejudice and fostering cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Increasing contact between diverse groups

Answer

Using fear appeals to change attitudes

Answer

Relying solely on social comparison techniques

Question 5

In social psychology research, which ethical principle is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent from all participants

Answer

Using deception to gather more genuine responses

Answer

Ignoring potential risks to participants in the pursuit of valuable data

Question 6

What is implicit bias and how does it affect our interactions with others?

Accepted Answer

Implicit bias refers to unconscious beliefs and attitudes that shape our thoughts and behaviors towards others.

Accepted Answer

Examples of implicit bias include assuming that White people are more intelligent than Black people or that men are more assertive than women.

Answer

Implicit bias has no significant impact on our social interactions.

Answer

Implicit bias is a conscious and deliberate form of prejudice.

Question 7

Design a social psychological intervention to tackle a social issue (e.g., prejudice, prosocial behavior). Consider ethical implications and potential limitations of your intervention.

Accepted Answer

Develop a school program that teaches diversity, empathy, and positive intergroup interactions.

Accepted Answer

Create a community campaign that celebrates and rewards acts of kindness and cooperation.

Accepted Answer

Implement sensitivity training for police officers to reduce biased policing.

Answer

Enact stricter laws to punish hate crimes and discrimination.

Question 8

Design a research study to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive processes, such as attention, memory, and decision-making.

Accepted Answer

Conduct a controlled experiment where participants are randomly assigned to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group.

Answer

Conduct a survey to collect data on sleep habits and cognitive performance.

Answer

Conduct a longitudinal study to track changes in sleep habits and cognitive performance over time.

Answer

Conduct a case study of a single individual who experiences sleep deprivation.

Question 9

Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to working alone. Identify the key factors that contribute to social loafing in group dynamics.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility, reduced self-awareness, and lack of individual evaluation.

Answer

Conformity pressures, fear of negative evaluation, and desire for social approval.

Answer

Increased competition, heightened motivation, and amplified sense of group purpose.

Question 10

Which of the following is **NOT** a type of social influence studied in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Normative influence

Answer

Informational influence

Question 11

According to Solomon Asch's conformity experiments, individuals are more likely to conform when:

Accepted Answer

They are in a large group.

Answer

They feel threatened by the group.

Answer

They have a strong sense of self-esteem.

Answer

They have a low level of intelligence.

Question 12

Which of the following is a crucial characteristic of effective leadership in group dynamics?

Accepted Answer

Empowering and motivating followers

Answer

Being authoritarian and controlling

Answer

Making all decisions without consulting others

Answer

Ignoring the opinions of group members

Question 13

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, when individuals are highly motivated and have ample cognitive resources, they are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Process information thoroughly

Answer

Process information superficially

Answer

Be swayed by emotional appeals

Answer

Act impulsively

Question 14

The bystander effect refers to the tendency for individuals to be less likely to provide assistance in an emergency situation when:

Accepted Answer

They are in a group.

Answer

They are alone.

Answer

They witness others helping.

Answer

They feel personally responsible.

Question 15

According to social comparison theory, individuals compare themselves to others primarily to:

Accepted Answer

Protect their self-esteem

Answer

Improve their performance

Answer

Avoid negative emotions

Answer

Gain social status

Question 16

Updated: According to social identity theory, our self-concept is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

Both of the above

Answer

Our personal identity

Answer

Our group memberships

Answer

Neither of the above

Question 17

Which theory suggests that people conform to group norms due to their fear of being ostracized or punished?

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence theory

Answer

Informational social influence theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Theory of cognitive dissonance

Question 18

As per social identity theory, which of the following significantly influences our self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Our social group memberships

Answer

Our personal beliefs and values

Answer

Our past experiences

Answer

Our physical appearance

Question 19

What is a primary goal of intergroup contact theory?

Accepted Answer

To reduce prejudice and promote positive intergroup relations

Answer

To increase social distance between groups

Answer

To reinforce existing stereotypes

Answer

To create more conflict between groups

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Group dynamics

Question 21

According to the Asch conformity experiment, approximately what percentage of participants conformed to the majority opinion, even when it was incorrect?

Accepted Answer

33%

Answer

10%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 22

Which theory suggests that people tend to explain their own behaviors by external causes and the behaviors of others by internal causes?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Question 23

What is the purpose of the 'bystander effect'?

Accepted Answer

To explain why people are less likely to help in emergencies when they are in a large group

Answer

To explain why people are more likely to help in emergencies when they are alone

Answer

To explain why people are more likely to help in emergencies when they are being observed

Answer

To explain why people are less likely to help in emergencies when they are in a familiar environment

Question 24

Which of the following is a form of social influence that involves changing one's behavior to match the behavior of others?

Accepted Answer

Normative influence

Answer

Informational influence

Answer

Coercive influence

Answer

Legitimate influence

Question 25

What is the 'false consensus effect'?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and attitudes

Answer

The tendency to underestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and attitudes

Answer

The tendency to assume that our own beliefs are the correct ones

Answer

The tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs

Question 26

Which of the following best defines the process of conformity?

Accepted Answer

Adjusting one's beliefs or behaviors to match those of others for social acceptance

Answer

Resisting the influence of others in order to preserve one's own convictions

Answer

Changing one's beliefs or behaviors in accordance with social norms

Answer

Challenging the views and actions of others

Question 27

According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion is more likely to lead to enduring attitude change?

Accepted Answer

Central route

Answer

Peripheral route

Answer

Heuristic route

Answer

Cognitive route

Question 28

In social psychology, the term 'attribution' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The process of explaining the causes of behavior

Answer

Factors influencing how people form impressions of others

Answer

Strategies for improving communication and resolving conflict

Answer

Principles of group decision-making

Question 29

How does social categorization influence our perceptions and interactions with others?

Accepted Answer

Social categorization shapes how we interpret others' behavior and intentions, influencing our expectations and biases.

Answer

Social categorization promotes empathy and understanding, leading to more positive interactions.

Answer

Social categorization diminishes stereotypes and prejudices, fostering a more inclusive society.

Answer

Social categorization encourages social harmony and cooperation, as individuals prioritize group well-being over personal interests.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a key theoretical concept in social psychology that contributes to the understanding of social networks?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Homophily

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Group polarization

Question 31

How do cultural norms and values influence our perceptions, attitudes, and interactions?

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and values provide a framework for understanding and interpreting our surroundings.

Answer

Cultural norms and values have no significant impact on our attitudes and actions.

Answer

Cultural norms and values only affect individuals from cultures different from our own.

Question 32

In social interactions, how do emotions impact both effective communication and the development of relationships?

Accepted Answer

Emotions foster empathy and emotional connection, enhancing communication.

Accepted Answer

Emotions can hinder relationships by causing misunderstandings and conflicts if not managed well.

Answer

Emotions have little effect on social interactions and do not significantly influence communication or relationship-building.

Answer

While emotions can enhance communication, they have no negative impact on relationships.

Question 33

Which strategy has been demonstrated by both theory and research to be most effective in promoting cooperation between different groups and reducing prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Education and exposure to diverse viewpoints

Answer

Sole reliance on contact theory

Answer

Increased competition between groups

Question 34

How does social identity shape our political views and voting choices?

Accepted Answer

People with strong social identities tend to align with their group's political beliefs.

Answer

Social identity has no effect on political behavior.

Answer

Social identity only influences political behavior in societies with strict authority.

Answer

Social identity only affects political behavior in situations with extreme differences in opinions.

Question 35

In social psychology, which approach is most effective for mitigating aggression and fostering conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

Implementing conflict resolution programs to equip individuals with anger management and peaceful conflict resolution skills

Answer

Prioritizing individual therapy to address psychological roots of aggression

Answer

Enacting stringent laws and punishments to discourage aggressive behavior

Question 36

How do cognitive and affective processes interact to influence our susceptibility to persuasive messages?

Accepted Answer

Both cognitive and affective processes interact to influence persuasion.

Answer

Cognitive processes, such as analyzing arguments, are the primary factors in persuasion.

Answer

Affective processes, such as emotions and liking, do not affect persuasion.

Answer

Persuasion is solely determined by the persuader's credibility and the strength of their arguments.

Question 37

How does culture shape social psychological processes like conformity, obedience, and social influence? Provide cross-cultural examples to illustrate these variations.

Accepted Answer

Culture influences social psychological processes by shaping social norms, values, and beliefs.

Answer

Culture has no impact on social psychological processes.

Answer

Culture influences conformity and obedience, but not social influence.

Answer

Cultural variations in social psychological processes are primarily driven by economic differences.

Question 38

How do emotions contribute to intergroup conflict and prejudice? Explain the psychological mechanisms involved.

Accepted Answer

Emotions can distort perceptions, affect judgments, and drive aggressive actions in intergroup situations.

Answer

Emotions have no impact on intergroup conflict and prejudice.

Answer

Emotions are mainly caused by intergroup conflict and prejudice.

Answer

Emotions are not relevant to understanding the causes and effects of intergroup conflict and prejudice.

Question 39

In social psychology, what is the term for the change in behavior or beliefs that occurs when individuals adjust to align with the expectations of others?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Groupthink

Question 40

In social psychology research, which method is commonly used to study social behavior in real-life settings?

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Experiments

Answer

Case studies

Question 41

Which technique is used to reduce prejudice and discrimination by promoting positive contact between different groups?

Accepted Answer

Contact theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Psychoanalysis

Question 42

In social perception, what is the term for the tendency to overestimate the similarity between oneself and others?

Accepted Answer

False consensus effect

Answer

Illusion of control

Answer

Social desirability bias

Answer

Projection

Question 43

In social psychology, what is the term for the process through which individuals develop their sense of self and identity through interactions with others?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Attribution

Question 44

Which theory proposes that individuals strive to maintain a positive self-concept by comparing themselves to others?

Accepted Answer

Social Comparison Theory

Answer

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer

Self-Determination Theory

Answer

Identity Theory

Question 45

The process by which individuals gradually adopt the beliefs and behaviors of a group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Assimilation

Answer

Internalization

Answer

Acculturation

Question 46

The tendency for individuals to become less productive when working in a group than when working alone is known as:

Accepted Answer

Social Loafing

Answer

Group Polarization

Answer

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer

Social Facilitation

Question 47

The ethical principle that requires researchers to fully inform participants about the study and obtain their consent before involving them is known as:

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Privacy and confidentiality

Answer

Scientific integrity

Question 48

The field of psychology that investigates the psychological effects of prejudice and discrimination on individuals and groups is known as:

Accepted Answer

Prejudice and Discrimination

Answer

Social Cognition

Answer

Developmental Psychology

Answer

Cross-Cultural Psychology

Question 49

Asch's conformity experiments demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Group pressure can lead to individuals conforming to incorrect judgments

Answer

Conformity is always a rational and logical response

Answer

Individuals are more likely to conform when the group is small

Answer

Conformity has no significant effect on individual behavior

Question 50

According to social identity theory, individuals:

Accepted Answer

Strive to maintain a positive self-concept by identifying with groups

Answer

Are more likely to help outgroup members than ingroup members

Answer

Experience no anxiety in situations that threaten their group identity

Answer

Do not use social categorization to define themselves

Question 51

Which theory proposes that individuals conform to group norms to gain social approval?

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence theory

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer

Social exchange theory

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a key element of group dynamics?

Accepted Answer

Individual autonomy

Answer

Group cohesion

Answer

Interpersonal communication

Answer

Power dynamics

Question 53

According to social identity theory, individuals define themselves in relation to:

Accepted Answer

In-groups and out-groups

Answer

Primary and secondary groups

Answer

Reference and membership groups

Answer

Formal and informal groups

Question 54

Which research method is used to collect data in real-life settings?

Accepted Answer

Observational study

Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Survey

Answer

Meta-analysis

Question 55

Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of implicit biases in social interactions?

Accepted Answer

Misunderstandings and social tension

Answer

Increased empathy and understanding

Answer

Reduced likelihood of prejudice and discrimination

Answer

Enhanced social harmony and cooperation

Question 56

Select the concept that is NOT associated with the field of social psychology.

Accepted Answer

Plate tectonics

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Group dynamics

Question 57

Which type of social influence involves changing another person's behavior without them realizing it?

Accepted Answer

Priming

Answer

Persuasion

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Obedience

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT considered a key concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Biological determinism

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Group dynamics

Question 59

According to which theory, social groups can develop distinct norms, values, and beliefs that shape their members' behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Answer

Social exchange theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 60

The tendency to attribute others' actions to internal factors while attributing one's own actions to external factors is called:

Accepted Answer

Actor-observer bias

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 61

A research design that involves manipulating independent variables in a controlled environment to observe their effects on dependent variables is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiment

Answer

Case study

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Answer

Correlational study

Question 62

Which field of psychology focuses on the impact of social factors on health and well-being?

Accepted Answer

Health psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Industrial-organizational psychology

Answer

Forensic psychology

Question 63

The process through which individuals acquire the values, beliefs, and norms of their society is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Internalization

Answer

Acculturation

Answer

Assimilation

Question 64

A prominent figure in the early development of social psychology was:

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

B.F. Skinner