Motivation: Theories and Applications in Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following is not a biological factor that influences motivation?

Accepted Answer

Social acceptance

Answer

Hunger

Answer

Thirst

Answer

Sleep deprivation

Question 2

Which psychological theory emphasizes the role of self-efficacy in motivating behavior?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theory

Answer

Behaviorism

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Humanistic theory

Question 3

Which type of motivation is primarily driven by external rewards or punishments?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation

Answer

Intrinsic motivation

Answer

Achievement motivation

Answer

Social motivation

Question 4

Which theory suggests that motivation is influenced by the expectancy of success, the value of the outcome, and the valence of the outcome?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Goal theory

Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Question 5

Which technique can be used to increase intrinsic motivation by providing individuals with opportunities for autonomy, competence, and relatedness?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory

Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Positive reinforcement

Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 6

According to drive-reduction theory, individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors that reduce:

Accepted Answer

Internal tensions

Answer

External demands

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social pressures

Question 7

Which type of reward is considered most effective for promoting long-term behavior change?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic reward

Answer

Extrinsic reward

Answer

Tangible reward

Answer

Social reward

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of a biological factor that can influence motivation?

Accepted Answer

Culture

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Neuroscience

Answer

Emotions

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a key factor that influences motivation according to biological theories?

Accepted Answer

Social learning

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Hormones

Answer

Evolution

Question 10

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, individuals are motivated to pursue higher-level needs only after satisfying which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Social needs

Answer

Self-actualization needs

Question 11

Which theory of motivation emphasizes the individual's perception of the relationship between effort and performance?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Humanistic theory

Answer

Behavioral theory

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Approval from others

Answer

Curiosity

Answer

Challenge

Answer

Interest

Question 13

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which basic need is essential for survival?

Accepted Answer

Thirst and hunger

Answer

Protection and safety

Answer

Esteem and recognition

Answer

Belongingness and love

Question 14

According to the Drive Theory of Motivation, what primarily drives human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Fulfillment of biological needs

Answer

Desire for social rewards

Answer

Influence of cognitive expectations

Answer

Impact of unresolved unconscious conflicts

Question 15

In a research study, participants who were rewarded for their performance displayed increased likelihood of repeating the behavior in the future. This finding aligns with which theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

Incentive Theory

Answer

Drive Theory

Answer

Humanistic Theory

Answer

Cognitive Theory

Question 16

According to the Self-Determination Theory, what factor is detrimental to intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

External pressure and constraints

Answer

Autonomy and self-direction

Answer

Competence and a sense of mastery

Answer

Relatedness and connection to others

Question 17

To foster intrinsic motivation in a classroom setting, which strategy is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Providing opportunities for choice and autonomy

Answer

Offering frequent verbal praise and recognition

Answer

Setting highly challenging and ambitious goals

Answer

Using tangible rewards and incentives

Question 18

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is NOT a fundamental human need?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Social needs

Question 19

Which theory of motivation suggests that behavior is influenced by its consequences?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning theory

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Incentive theory

Answer

Social learning theory

Question 20

The idea that organisms maintain internal stability by reducing or eliminating imbalances is a core principle of:

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Incentives

Answer

Cognitive appraisal

Answer

Social comparison

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator?

Accepted Answer

Curiosity

Answer

Money

Answer

Praise

Answer

Fear of punishment

Question 22

The theory that focuses on unconscious conflicts and desires as drivers of motivation is:

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theory

Answer

Bandura's social cognitive theory

Answer

Atkinson's achievement motivation theory

Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT considered a factor that enhances intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

External rewards

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Competence

Answer

Relatedness

Question 24

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is considered a fundamental human need?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Belongingness and love needs

Answer

Self-esteem needs

Question 25

Which theory of motivation focuses on the role of physiological processes in driving behavior?

Accepted Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Incentive theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Goal-setting theory

Question 26

Intrinsic motivation is a type of motivation that arises from:

Accepted Answer

Internal satisfaction

Answer

External rewards

Answer

Social pressure

Answer

Fear of punishment

Question 27

Habituation refers to a process of learning where:

Accepted Answer

We stop responding to frequently encountered stimuli

Answer

We learn to respond to novel stimuli

Answer

We become motivated by desired outcomes

Answer

We develop preferences for specific stimuli

Question 28

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is considered a primary drive?

Accepted Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Esteem

Answer

Love and belonging

Question 29

Drive reduction theory proposes that behavior is motivated by what?

Accepted Answer

A desire to reduce tension and achieve homeostasis

Answer

A desire to gain rewards and avoid punishments

Answer

A desire to fulfill unmet needs

Answer

A desire to achieve social approval

Question 30

Atkinson's expectancy theory of motivation includes which key components?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

Answer

Goals, rewards, and punishments

Answer

Needs, drives, and emotions

Answer

Self-efficacy, self-awareness, and self-control

Question 31

Arousal theory suggests that individuals are motivated to seek experiences that provide what?

Accepted Answer

Optimal stimulation

Answer

Minimum stimulation

Answer

Maximum stimulation

Answer

No stimulation

Question 32

Which of the following is a characteristic of intrinsically motivated behavior?

Accepted Answer

Engaged in for its own sake

Answer

Driven by external rewards

Answer

Dependent on external pressure

Answer

Focused on avoiding negative consequences

Question 33

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that individuals are motivated to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce inconsistency between beliefs and behaviors

Answer

Increase consistency between beliefs and behaviors

Answer

Seek out new experiences

Answer

Avoid negative consequences

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a recognized factor that influences human motivation?

Accepted Answer

Astrological alignments

Answer

Biological needs

Answer

Psychological incentives

Answer

Social expectations

Question 35

Drive reduction theory postulates that behavior is driven by the need to reduce:

Accepted Answer

Internal drives

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Social pressure

Answer

External rewards

Question 36

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is considered the highest level and requires fulfillment of lower-level needs?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization needs

Answer

Physiological needs

Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Belongingness and love needs

Question 37

Self-efficacy theory suggests that motivation is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

An individual's beliefs about their capabilities and chances of success

Answer

External rewards and punishments

Answer

Social norms and expectations

Answer

Past experiences and failures

Question 38

Which technique involves establishing specific, achievable targets to enhance motivation?

Accepted Answer

Goal setting

Answer

Positive reinforcement

Answer

Cognitive reframing

Answer

Attribution training

Question 39

Intrinsic motivation is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Originating from within the individual, not driven by external rewards

Answer

Focused on short-term engagement and immediate gratification

Answer

Susceptible to punishment and negative consequences

Answer

Dependent on social approval and validation

Question 40

The tendency to attribute personal successes to internal factors while blaming external factors for failures is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Defensive pessimism

Question 41

A benefit of using positive reinforcement to increase motivation is that it:

Accepted Answer

Encourages lasting behavioral changes without fostering resistance

Answer

Diminishes intrinsic motivation and promotes dependence on rewards

Answer

Is universally applicable to all individuals, regardless of their preferences

Answer

Provides immediate gratification but does not address underlying causes of low motivation

Question 42

The social cognitive perspective on motivation highlights the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive processes, social learning, and self-regulation

Answer

External environmental factors

Answer

Internal psychological processes

Answer

Biological drives and instincts

Question 43

Which of the following is a primary determinant of biological motivation?

Accepted Answer

Hormonal imbalances

Answer

Social influences

Answer

Cognitive appraisals

Answer

Cultural expectations

Question 44

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which basic need must be satisfied before higher-level needs, such as love and belonging, can be addressed?

Accepted Answer

Safety needs

Answer

Esteem needs

Answer

Love and belonging needs

Answer

Self-actualization needs

Question 45

What is the term for the tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors and their failures to external factors?

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Attribution bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Question 46

What is the primary neurotransmitter associated with reward, pleasure, and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Driven by external rewards

Answer

Self-directed

Answer

Enjoyable

Answer

Internally satisfying

Question 48

What is the concept that refers to the tendency for people to maintain a relatively stable state of internal equilibrium, striving to reduce any tension or imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Drive reduction theory

Answer

Hierarchy of needs

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT considered a biological factor influencing motivation?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive abilities

Answer

Hunger

Answer

Thirst

Answer

Hormonal balance

Question 50

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the most fundamental need?

Accepted Answer

Physiological well-being

Answer

Self-actualization

Answer

Social connections

Answer

Cognitive stimulation

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

The promise of a monetary reward

Answer

The desire to learn new skills for personal enjoyment

Answer

The satisfaction of completing a task

Answer

The avoidance of a negative consequence

Question 52

Which theory suggests that motivation stems from a discrepancy between an individual's current state and their desired state?

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory

Answer

Drive theory

Answer

Expectancy theory

Answer

Cognitive evaluation theory

Question 53

What is the primary distinction between achievement motivation and power motivation?

Accepted Answer

Power motivation focuses on surpassing others, while achievement motivation focuses on personal accomplishments.

Answer

Achievement motivation focuses on surpassing others, while power motivation focuses on personal accomplishments.

Answer

Both focus on personal goals, but achievement motivation is driven by external rewards.

Answer

Both focus on surpassing others, but power motivation is driven by external rewards.

Question 54

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, what is the ideal level of arousal for optimal performance?

Accepted Answer

Moderate arousal

Answer

Very low arousal

Answer

Very high arousal

Answer

Arousal level does not influence performance