Social Psychology: Understanding the Social World and Its Impact on Individuals

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a heuristic used in making social judgments?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Representative heuristic

Answer

Affect heuristic

Question 2

How does culture influence the formation and expression of social attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Culture influences both the development and expression of social attitudes.

Answer

Culture has no impact on the development of social attitudes.

Answer

Culture affects the expression but not the development of social attitudes.

Question 3

Prejudice, a negative attitude towards a group of people based on their perceived social category, can have significant consequences. Which of the following is a potential outcome of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice can contribute to institutionalized discrimination, perpetuating social inequalities.

Answer

Ignorance and lack of education are the sole causes of prejudice.

Answer

Race is the most prevalent basis for prejudice.

Answer

Prejudice exclusively affects marginalized groups in society.

Question 4

How do gender roles and stereotypes influence our social interactions and perceptions? Analyze their implications for individuals and society.

Accepted Answer

Gender roles and stereotypes can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on individuals and society.

Answer

Gender roles and stereotypes have negligible impact on our social interactions and perceptions.

Answer

Gender roles and stereotypes mainly affect individuals who identify as transgender or non-binary.

Answer

Challenging and altering gender roles and stereotypes is an insurmountable task.

Question 5

How do social norms contribute to social order, and what are the potential consequences of breaking them?

Accepted Answer

Social norms are unspoken rules that guide behavior within a society and are enforced through social sanctions.

Answer

Social norms are only found in small, close-knit communities.

Answer

Violating social norms can lead to positive consequences.

Answer

Social norms have no impact on individual behavior.

Question 6

Which communication strategies are most effective in encouraging prosocial behavior and fostering cooperation within groups and communities?

Accepted Answer

Using positive language and highlighting the advantages of prosocial behavior.

Accepted Answer

Using emotional appeals and personal stories to resonate with the audience.

Answer

Emphasizing the negative outcomes of not engaging in prosocial behavior.

Answer

Focusing solely on individual responsibility without considering the social context.

Question 7

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches based on social psychological principles?

Accepted Answer

CBT is more effective for treating anxiety disorders, while IPT is more effective for treating depression.

Answer

Group therapy is generally less effective than individual therapy for treating mental health issues.

Answer

Social psychological principles should not be applied in therapeutic approaches because they are too simplistic to be useful.

Question 8

Which of the following is a fundamental concept in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The influence of social factors on individual behavior and attitudes

Answer

Individualistic tendencies in human nature

Answer

The neural mechanisms underlying psychological processes

Answer

Cognitive development in early childhood

Question 9

According to social cognition theory, how do individuals interpret social information?

Accepted Answer

Selectively, influenced by personal beliefs and experiences

Answer

Objectively and rationally, without biases

Answer

Unconsciously, through hidden mental processes

Answer

Primarily through empathy and emotional understanding

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of social influence?

Accepted Answer

Independent decision-making

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Persuasion

Question 11

The Asch conformity experiment primarily demonstrates the power of which social phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Social loafing

Question 12

The basic principle of social exchange theory is that individuals engage in relationships based on a:

Accepted Answer

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer

Emotional attachment and affection

Answer

Social expectations and norms

Answer

Combination of the above

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically associated with healthy and fulfilling interpersonal relationships?

Accepted Answer

Possessive and controlling behavior

Answer

Open and honest communication

Answer

Mutual respect and understanding

Answer

Trust and reliability

Question 14

The social facilitation effect refers to the tendency for:

Accepted Answer

Improved performance when performing tasks in the presence of others

Answer

Diminished performance when performing tasks in the presence of others

Answer

No change in performance when performing tasks in the presence of others

Answer

Performance enhancement only when being evaluated by others

Question 15

The tendency for individuals to align their beliefs and behavior with those of a group is known as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Social facilitation

Answer

Social inhibition

Answer

Groupthink

Question 16

The tendency to attribute our own successes to internal factors, such as ability, and our failures to external factors, such as bad luck, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Illusion of control

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Actor-observer effect

Question 17

The theory that suggests that prosocial behavior, such as helping others, is motivated by a desire to reduce internal discomfort, such as guilt, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer

Bystander effect

Answer

Social exchange theory

Question 18

How do heuristics and biases influence our decision-making in social situations?

Accepted Answer

Heuristics and biases affect our judgments and choices, often leading to less than ideal outcomes.

Answer

Heuristics and biases help us make the best decisions even with limited information.

Answer

Heuristics and biases always lead to negative outcomes in social decision-making.

Answer

Heuristics and biases have no impact on our social decision-making processes.

Question 19

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that people tend to seek information that aligns with their existing beliefs. How does this contribute to attitude polarization and resistance to persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Individuals seek information that confirms their existing attitudes, leading to polarization.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance makes individuals more resistant to persuasion because they are motivated to maintain consistency in their beliefs and attitudes.

Answer

Cognitive dissonance only affects individuals with low self-esteem.

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory has no significant implications for attitude polarization or resistance to persuasion.

Question 20

Define social proof and explain how it influences individuals' beliefs and behaviors. Provide real-world examples to illustrate your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Social proof is the tendency to conform to the beliefs and actions of others, especially when they are perceived as credible or knowledgeable.

Answer

Social proof is a theory that explains why people are more likely to follow the behavior of others when they are in a majority.

Answer

Social proof is a persuasive technique that involves using group pressure to influence individuals' behavior.

Answer

Social proof has no impact on individuals' beliefs and behaviors.

Question 21

How does social identity theory explain the impact of social groups on an individual's self-concept and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Individuals adopt the values and norms of their social groups, shaping their self-perception and actions.

Answer

Social groups only offer a sense of belonging, boosting an individual's self-esteem.

Answer

Social identity is completely distinct from an individual's self-concept.

Answer

Social groups have no influence on individual behavior.

Question 22

Which theory proposes that physiological arousal precedes and triggers emotional experiences?

Accepted Answer

James-Lange theory

Answer

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

Question 23

What best defines social norms?

Accepted Answer

Unwritten guidelines shaping behavior in a particular social setting.

Answer

Always positive and advantageous for society.

Answer

Have no impact on how people act.

Answer

Only apply in formal settings like workplaces.

Question 24

Which theory proposes that people stay in relationships based on how they weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the relationship?

Accepted Answer

Social Exchange Theory

Answer

Social Identity Theory

Answer

Attribution Theory

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 25

Which persuasive strategy is most effective in different social contexts? Consider factors like audience beliefs, values, and motivations.

Accepted Answer

Messages that align with an audience's existing beliefs are usually more persuasive.

Answer

Emotional appeals are always more persuasive than logical appeals.

Answer

The way a message is delivered has no impact on its persuasiveness.

Answer

Audience motivations have no influence on the effectiveness of persuasive strategies.

Question 26

Researchers have ethical responsibilities when using social media data for research. How can they protect participant privacy and confidentiality while maximizing the scientific value of the data?

Accepted Answer

Obtain informed consent, anonymize data, and consider privacy implications in the research design.

Answer

Collect data without user consent, as the research benefits outweigh the risks.

Answer

Use only publicly available data, as participants have already consented to its disclosure.

Answer

Use deception to obtain data from participants who would not otherwise participate.

Question 27

How does social media use influence feelings of social isolation and loneliness?

Accepted Answer

Social media use can contribute to social isolation and loneliness, especially when people compare themselves to others or passively consume content.

Answer

Social media use always leads to increased social isolation and loneliness.

Answer

Social media use has no impact on social isolation or loneliness.

Answer

Social media use is the only cause of social isolation and loneliness in today's society.

Question 28

Which concept is not central to the field of social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary biology

Answer

Social cognition

Answer

Group dynamics

Answer

Interpersonal relationships

Question 29

According to social identity theory, what primarily shapes an individual's self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Membership in social groups

Answer

Personal experiences

Answer

Biological makeup

Answer

Cultural background

Question 30

What is the phenomenon where individuals adjust their behavior to align with group norms to gain acceptance called?

Accepted Answer

Compliance

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Group polarization

Answer

Deindividuation

Question 31

Which of the following is not a contributing factor to prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Answer

Stereotypes

Answer

Personal experiences

Answer

Social norms

Question 32

What is the tendency for individuals to view themselves more positively than they actually are referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Self-esteem

Answer

Self-efficacy

Answer

Social comparison theory

Question 33

Which of the following is a key feature of social influence?

Accepted Answer

It can occur without direct interaction

Answer

It is always explicit and intentional

Answer

It only affects highly suggestible individuals

Answer

It is always a negative force

Question 34

What is the process by which social norms are maintained through social pressure known as?

Accepted Answer

Social control

Answer

Sanctioning

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Deviance

Question 35

What is a key ethical consideration when using social media data in research?

Accepted Answer

Researchers should get permission from users before using their data.

Answer

Social media data is always biased and should not be used.

Answer

Using social media data always violates users' privacy.

Question 36

How does culture profoundly shape social norms and values, influencing our perceptions and responses in social interactions?

Accepted Answer

Cultural variations influence how individuals perceive and react in social situations.

Answer

Culture has no significant impact on social norms and values.

Answer

Social norms and values are identical across all cultures.

Answer

Culture does not affect social influence processes.

Question 37

How do schemas and heuristics influence our social judgments? Discuss their potential impact on decision-making, especially in complex situations.

Accepted Answer

Schemas and heuristics are mental shortcuts that help us process information quickly. They can aid in decision-making but may also lead to errors.

Answer

Schemas and heuristics are only used in complex decision-making situations.

Answer

Schemas and heuristics are always accurate.

Answer

Schemas and heuristics are only used by people with low cognitive abilities.

Question 38

Which factors are crucial for understanding the formation and persistence of stereotypes? Consider the roles of social categorization, cognitive biases, and media representations.

Accepted Answer

Social categorization, cognitive biases, and media representations

Answer

Social categorization and cognitive biases

Answer

Cognitive biases and media representations

Answer

Media representations and social categorization

Question 39

Define social support and explain its role in promoting mental health and well-being.

Accepted Answer

Social support involves emotional, informational, and practical assistance from individuals or groups in a social network.

Answer

Social support is a one-way process where only the recipient gains from the assistance provided.

Answer

Social support exclusively focuses on material resources, such as financial aid or physical assistance.

Answer

Social support has no impact on mental health and well-being.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental concept in Social Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis Testing

Answer

Social Influence

Answer

Attribution Theory

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 41

How do emotions affect our social judgments and decisions?

Accepted Answer

Positive emotions lead to more optimistic judgments and decisions, while negative emotions lead to more pessimistic ones.

Answer

Emotions have no impact on social judgments and decisions.

Answer

Emotions only influence our judgments and decisions when they are very intense.

Answer

Emotions do not impair our ability to make rational decisions.

Question 42

How do social norms shape our perceptions of fairness and justice, and how do cultural and societal factors influence these perceptions?

Accepted Answer

Cultural and societal factors play a significant role in shaping our definitions of fairness and justice.

Answer

Social norms have no impact on our understanding of fairness and justice.

Answer

Social norms are universal across all cultures and societies.

Question 43

Attribution Concept: Identify the phenomenon where individuals assign their actions to external causes:

Accepted Answer

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer

Actor-Observer Effect

Answer

Self-Serving Bias

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 44

Social Influence Technique: Which method uses consequences to modify behavior?

Accepted Answer

Operant Conditioning

Answer

Social Comparison

Answer

Foot-in-the-Door

Answer

Ingratiation

Question 45

Social Perception: What is the process of interpreting social information called?

Accepted Answer

Social Cognition

Answer

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer

Social Identity

Answer

Social Schema

Question 46

Group Dynamics Phenomenon: Which concept describes decreased individual effort in group situations?

Accepted Answer

Social Loafing

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Deindividuation

Answer

Group Polarization

Question 47

Self-Perception Bias: What is the tendency to view oneself positively called?

Accepted Answer

Self-Enhancement Bias

Answer

Halo Effect

Answer

Optimism Bias

Answer

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 48

Cross-Cultural Psychology Concept: Identify the perception that one's culture is superior:

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism

Answer

Cultural Relativism

Answer

Xenophobia

Answer

Stereotyping

Question 49

Social Psychology Research Method: Which method involves manipulating variables to study cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Answer

Correlational Study

Answer

Case Study

Answer

Qualitative Analysis

Question 50

How do cultural norms and values shape the formation and expression of close relationships?

Accepted Answer

They set guidelines for acceptable behaviors and expectations within relationships.

Answer

They have no influence on relationship dynamics.

Answer

They mainly affect romantic relationships, not friendships or family bonds.

Question 51

Which theory posits that people conform to group norms to gain social approval and avoid disapproval?

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence

Answer

Cognitive social influence

Answer

Attitudinal social influence

Answer

Informational social influence

Question 52

According to social identity theory, which type of groups do individuals tend to identify with and favor?

Accepted Answer

Groups that enhance their self-concept

Answer

Groups that are numerically small

Answer

Groups that are geographically distant

Answer

Groups that are highly exclusive

Question 53

Which cognitive bias involves attributing behavior primarily to personal characteristics, overlooking situational factors?

Accepted Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Self-serving bias

Question 54

What is the process through which individuals acquire values, beliefs, and behaviors that align with societal expectations?

Accepted Answer

Socialization

Answer

Persuasion

Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Question 55

Which leadership style emphasizes inspiring followers, fostering creativity, and empowering them in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership

Answer

Laissez-faire leadership

Answer

Transactional leadership

Question 56

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Positive evaluations

Answer

Negative attitudes

Answer

Stereotypes

Answer

Discrimination

Question 57

What is the phenomenon where individuals develop a more favorable attitude towards something as a result of repeated exposure to it?

Accepted Answer

Mere exposure effect

Answer

Recency effect

Answer

Primacy effect

Answer

Halo effect

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of social norms?

Accepted Answer

Physical laws

Answer

Cultural values

Answer

Economic conditions

Answer

Social roles

Question 59

The tendency to modify one's behavior to match that of a group, regardless of personal beliefs, is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Groupthink

Answer

Compliance

Question 60

Which of the following is a central component of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Perception

Answer

Aggression

Answer

Emotion

Answer

Language

Question 61

The social phenomenon where individuals tend to evaluate their own group more favorably than other groups is known as:

Accepted Answer

In-group bias

Answer

Social identity theory

Answer

Out-group homogeneity

Answer

Ethnocentrism

Question 62

Which of the following is a cornerstone of a strong social relationship?

Accepted Answer

Communication

Answer

Jealousy

Answer

Control

Answer

Competition

Question 63

The emotional bond characterized by feelings of closeness, security, and safety, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attachment

Answer

Friendship

Answer

Intimacy

Answer

Love

Question 64

Which of the following conflict resolution strategies involves reaching an agreement that partially satisfies both parties?

Accepted Answer

Compromise

Answer

Domination

Answer

Avoidance

Answer

Accommodation