Security Governance and Compliance: A Comprehensive Guide for Information Security Professionals

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of the ISO 27001 standard?

Accepted Answer

To establish requirements for implementing and maintaining an information security management system

Answer

To provide a comprehensive framework for managing information security risks

Answer

To certify organizations as compliant with international security standards

Answer

To define technical specifications for implementing specific security controls

Question 2

What is the purpose of a Statement of Applicability (SOA) in the context of ISO 27001?

Accepted Answer

To identify and justify which ISO 27001 controls are applicable to the organization's information security management system

Answer

To document the specific security measures and controls that the organization has implemented

Answer

To provide evidence of the organization's compliance with ISO 27001 requirements

Answer

To define the scope and boundaries of the organization's information security management system

Question 3

What is a primary responsibility of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in security governance?

Accepted Answer

Establish security policies and standards

Answer

Conduct risk assessments

Answer

Manage daily security operations

Answer

Train employees on security awareness

Question 4

Which fundamental principle is central to the ISO 27001 compliance framework?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA)

Answer

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)

Answer

Risk Assessment, Vulnerability Management, and Incident Response

Answer

Data Encryption, Access Control, and Intrusion Detection

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of security governance?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing the cost of security measures

Answer

Ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems

Answer

Fostering communication and collaboration among security stakeholders

Answer

Establishing and maintaining security policies and procedures

Question 6

What is the primary purpose of a compliance audit in information security?

Accepted Answer

To verify adherence to established security regulations and standards

Answer

To identify vulnerabilities and risks in the organization's security posture

Answer

To develop and implement comprehensive security policies and procedures

Answer

To train employees on industry best practices for information security

Question 7

What is the key distinction between a security policy and a security procedure?

Accepted Answer

Policies define high-level goals and principles, while procedures provide detailed instructions on implementation.

Answer

Procedures define high-level goals and principles, while policies provide detailed instructions on implementation.

Answer

Policies and procedures are essentially the same type of document.

Answer

Procedures are more important and take precedence over policies.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of security governance?

Accepted Answer

Centralization

Answer

Accountability

Answer

Transparency

Answer

Adaptability

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)?

Accepted Answer

Managing the organization's information security risk

Answer

Enforcing compliance with security regulations

Answer

Educating employees on security best practices

Answer

Implementing and maintaining security technologies

Question 10

Which compliance framework is specifically designed for the healthcare industry?

Accepted Answer

HIPAA

Answer

ISO 27001

Answer

PCI DSS

Answer

NIST Cybersecurity Framework

Question 11

What is the primary duty of a compliance officer within an organization?

Accepted Answer

Overseeing adherence to regulatory and legal requirements

Answer

Developing and implementing security policies and procedures

Answer

Training employees on security awareness

Answer

Conducting security audits

Question 12

What's the main goal of a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) in security governance?

Accepted Answer

Maintain business continuity and resilience

Answer

Prevent security breaches

Answer

Comply with regulations

Question 13

What is the primary objective of conducting a risk assessment within the context of security governance?

Accepted Answer

Identify and prioritize potential security threats

Answer

Ensure adherence to regulatory requirements

Answer

Implement robust security controls

Answer

Monitor and evaluate security measures

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of a well-defined compliance program?

Accepted Answer

Sporadic implementation

Answer

Precise goals and objectives

Answer

Systematic monitoring and reporting

Answer

Employee engagement and ownership

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of a security governance framework?

Accepted Answer

To provide a structured approach for managing information security

Answer

To ensure compliance with regulatory requirements

Answer

To facilitate collaboration between security and business functions

Answer

To define the roles and responsibilities for security management

Question 16

What is the primary objective of a risk assessment?

Accepted Answer

To identify and prioritize security risks based on likelihood and impact

Answer

To determine the effectiveness of existing security controls

Answer

To comply with regulatory requirements

Answer

To provide guidance for budget allocation for security

Question 17

What is the primary responsibility of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in an organization?

Accepted Answer

Leading and overseeing the information security program

Answer

Ensuring compliance with security regulations and standards

Answer

Managing the security operations team

Answer

Educating employees on security awareness

Question 18

In information security governance, who is primarily responsible for defining and enforcing security policies and procedures?

Accepted Answer

Security Officer

Answer

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

Answer

Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

Answer

Chief Risk Officer (CRO)

Question 19

Which compliance framework is specifically designed for protecting patient health information in the healthcare industry?

Accepted Answer

HIPAA

Answer

PCI DSS

Answer

SOC 2

Answer

NIST 800-53

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of a security policy?

Accepted Answer

To document acceptable behavior and security controls for users and systems

Answer

To define the risk appetite and tolerance levels of the organization

Answer

To establish a detailed plan for responding to security incidents

Answer

To comply with specific regulatory requirements

Question 21

In security governance, risk management plays a critical role in:

Accepted Answer

Identifying and mitigating potential risks to information assets

Answer

Ensuring compliance with applicable regulations and standards

Answer

Developing and implementing security policies and procedures

Answer

Monitoring security controls and detecting security incidents

Question 22

The primary objective of a penetration test is to:

Accepted Answer

Identify vulnerabilities and assess the effectiveness of security controls

Answer

Demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements

Answer

Train security personnel on incident response techniques

Answer

Encrypt sensitive data and protect against unauthorized access

Question 23

Which type of malware is commonly used to steal sensitive information by disguising itself as legitimate software?

Accepted Answer

Trojan

Answer

Worm

Answer

Ransomware

Answer

Phishing email

Question 24

The principle of least privilege is primarily designed to:

Accepted Answer

Restrict users to the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions

Answer

Prevent users from making unauthorized changes to the system

Answer

Detect and prevent malicious activity by monitoring user behavior

Answer

Encrypt sensitive data and protect it from unauthorized access

Question 25

Which of the following is a critical function of the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)?

Accepted Answer

Establishing and maintaining the information security program

Answer

Overseeing day-to-day security operations

Answer

Conducting security assessments and audits

Answer

Managing the cybersecurity budget

Question 26

What primary purpose does a security policy serve within an organization?

Accepted Answer

Defining organizational security requirements and expectations

Answer

Providing guidance on security measure implementation

Answer

Assigning roles and responsibilities for information security

Answer

Documenting the organization's current information security posture

Question 27

Which of the following is a key principle of security governance?

Accepted Answer

Alignment with business objectives and risk appetite

Answer

Lack of oversight and accountability

Answer

Neglecting continuous improvement

Answer

Solely focusing on compliance

Question 28

Who is primarily responsible for developing and implementing an organization's information security policy?

Accepted Answer

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in collaboration with senior management

Answer

Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

Answer

Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Answer

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Question 29

Which of the following is a common compliance requirement for organizations handling sensitive data in the healthcare industry?

Accepted Answer

HIPAA

Answer

ISO 27001

Answer

SOC 2

Answer

GDPR

Question 30

Which of the following is a best practice for ensuring compliance?

Accepted Answer

Regular auditing, monitoring, and employee training

Answer

Ignoring threat intelligence

Answer

Ignoring industry standards

Answer

Overemphasizing technical controls at the expense of procedural controls

Question 31

What is a primary purpose of a security governance framework?

Accepted Answer

To provide guidance, structure, and accountability for managing security

Answer

To solely focus on technical controls

Answer

To replace the need for compliance requirements

Question 32

Which of the following is a critical component of an effective security governance program?

Accepted Answer

Risk assessment and management based on business context

Answer

Lack of communication and awareness

Answer

Ignoring resource constraints

Answer

Focusing solely on compliance over security

Question 33

What is a key benefit of aligning security governance with business objectives?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that security measures contribute to the achievement of organizational goals

Answer

Reducing the cost of security operations

Answer

Eliminating the need for compliance

Question 34

Which of the following is a common audit technique used to evaluate compliance with regulations?

Accepted Answer

Review of policies, procedures, and documentation

Answer

Penetration testing

Answer

Vulnerability scanning

Answer

Social engineering

Question 35

What is the primary responsibility of the board of directors in information security governance?

Accepted Answer

Providing oversight, ensuring accountability, and approving major security initiatives

Answer

Educating employees on security awareness

Answer

Implementing technical security controls

Answer

Investigating cyber incidents

Question 36

Which of the following could be a consequence of non-compliance with security regulations?

Accepted Answer

Legal penalties, financial losses, and reputational damage

Answer

Increased customer loyalty

Answer

Reduced operational efficiency

Answer

Improved employee morale

Question 37

Which of the following is a core principle of security governance?

Accepted Answer

Alignment with business objectives

Answer

Compliance with external regulations only

Answer

Complete centralization of security authority

Question 38

Who is primarily responsible for establishing and enforcing security policies within an organization?

Accepted Answer

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)

Answer

Compliance Officer

Answer

Network Administrator

Answer

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework?

Accepted Answer

To provide a voluntary framework for managing cybersecurity risks

Answer

To certify organizations as compliant with security best practices

Answer

To establish mandatory security standards for all industries

Question 40

What is the main objective of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

Accepted Answer

To enhance corporate financial reporting accuracy and prevent fraud

Answer

To establish a national cybersecurity incident response team

Answer

To protect consumer data from privacy breaches

Question 41

Which of the following is a benefit of maintaining compliance with security standards?

Accepted Answer

Reduced risk of security incidents and data breaches

Answer

Lower insurance premiums only

Answer

Enhanced customer satisfaction only

Answer

Improved employee productivity only

Question 42

What is the term for a comprehensive document that outlines an organization's security policies, procedures, and responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

Information Security Management System (ISMS)

Answer

Incident Response Plan

Answer

Risk Assessment Plan

Question 43

Which of the following is a best practice for maintaining compliance and improving security posture?

Accepted Answer

Regularly review, update, and test security policies and procedures

Answer

Outsourcing all compliance responsibilities to third parties

Answer

Ignoring industry-standard frameworks and best practices

Answer

Relying exclusively on technical controls

Question 44

What is the primary role of a security audit in security governance?

Accepted Answer

To provide an independent assessment of the effectiveness of security controls and compliance

Answer

To develop and implement security policies and procedures

Answer

To monitor security events and incidents in real-time

Question 45

Which of the following is a common challenge in implementing security governance and compliance?

Accepted Answer

Balancing the need for strong security with the demands of business operations

Answer

Resistance from employees only

Answer

Insufficient funding only

Answer

Lack of technical expertise only