Digestive Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Question 1

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Regurgitation

Answer

Dysphagia

Question 2

The predominant cause of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Stress

Answer

Spicy food intake

Question 3

Fistula formation is a potential complication of:

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 4

The definitive test for the diagnosis of celiac disease is:

Accepted Answer

Endoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Hydrogen breath test

Answer

Upper GI series

Question 5

In the United States, the most common type of liver cirrhosis is:

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Answer

Viral hepatitis

Answer

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 6

The primary function of the gall bladder is to:

Accepted Answer

Store and concentrate bile

Answer

Produce bile

Answer

Secrete digestive enzymes

Answer

Absorb nutrients

Question 7

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Persistent heartburn

Answer

Crampy abdominal pain

Answer

Watery diarrhea

Answer

Constipation

Question 8

The primary causative agent of peptic ulcers is:

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Prolonged stress

Answer

Regular cigarette smoking

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Diverticulitis

Answer

Colon cancer

Answer

Intestinal perforation

Answer

Stricture formation

Question 10

The definitive diagnostic test for Crohn's disease is generally considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Barium enema and follow-through

Answer

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Question 11

The most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Answer

Alcoholic liver disease

Answer

Cirrhosis of the liver

Answer

Hepatitis B infection

Question 12

The pancreas serves a vital role in digestion primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Producing digestive enzymes

Answer

Secreting hydrochloric acid

Answer

Absorbing nutrients from food

Answer

Storing and concentrating bile

Question 13

Identify the symptom NOT typically associated with peptic ulcer disease:

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Nausea

Question 14

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorb nutrients

Answer

Digest carbohydrates

Answer

Produce enzymes

Answer

Store food

Question 15

Which type of disease is ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Diverticular disease

Answer

Celiac disease

Question 16

What is the most common type of esophageal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Melanoma

Question 17

In celiac disease, how does tissue transglutaminase contribute to the molecular basis of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

Modifies gliadin peptides, enabling their binding to MHC-II molecules and presentation to T cells, triggering an immune response.

Answer

Releases pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to tissue damage.

Answer

Inhibits digestive enzymes, impairing nutrient absorption.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most prevalent type of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Accepted Answer

Duodenal ulcer

Answer

Gastric ulcer

Answer

Esophageal ulcer

Answer

All of the above are equally common.

Question 19

During an endoscopic examination, ulcerative colitis is typically identified by which of the following visual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Cobblestone appearance

Answer

Aphthous ulcers

Answer

Granulomas

Answer

Skip lesions

Question 20

The definitive diagnostic method for liver cirrhosis is:

Accepted Answer

Liver biopsy

Answer

Imaging studies

Answer

Blood tests

Answer

Physical examination

Question 21

Which type of liver cancer is most commonly diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer

Cholangiocarcinoma

Answer

Angiosarcoma

Answer

Metastatic liver cancer

Question 22

How can appropriate dietary and lifestyle modifications influence the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Reduce inflammation and promote beneficial changes in gut microbiota, leading to improved health outcomes in IBD patients.

Answer

Require complete elimination of dietary fiber, worsening IBD symptoms.

Answer

Encourage increased alcohol and caffeine consumption, which alleviate IBD symptoms.

Question 23

Identify the characteristic histopathological findings in a peptic ulcer:

Accepted Answer

Mucosal erosion with underlying granulation tissue and inflammatory infiltrate

Answer

Gastric pit and gland hyperplasia

Answer

Presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria

Answer

Normal gastric mucosa without abnormalities

Question 24

A 45-year-old male patient presents with a 2-month history of worsening upper abdominal pain, frequent heartburn, and regurgitation of acidic fluid into the mouth. He also reports feeling full quickly and losing weight. What is the most likely underlying condition?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a common digestive disease?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 26

What is the leading cause of acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Viral infection

Question 27

The predominant symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is:

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Epigastric pain

Answer

Vomiting

Question 28

The most common type of liver disease in the United States is:

Accepted Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Answer

Alcoholic liver disease

Answer

Viral hepatitis

Answer

Primary biliary cholangitis

Question 29

The primary role of the pancreas is:

Accepted Answer

Digestion and hormone production

Answer

Detoxification of drugs

Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Answer

Immune surveillance

Question 30

The most prevalent type of colorectal cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Carcinoid tumor

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 31

A characteristic symptom of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain relieved by defecation

Answer

Bloody stools

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Fever

Question 32

The definitive diagnostic procedure for celiac disease is:

Accepted Answer

Small bowel biopsy

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Hydrogen breath test

Answer

Blood test for tissue transglutaminase antibodies

Question 33

Which of the following is a common symptom experienced in peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric pain

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 34

Which histological subtype accounts for the majority of colorectal cancer cases?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Carcinoid tumor

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 35

Indicate the definitive diagnostic procedure for confirming celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine biopsy

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Endoscopy

Question 36

Identify the most common etiology associated with acute cholecystitis?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Trauma

Question 37

Chronic inflammation of the colon that forms continuous ulcers is a characteristic feature of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Cholecystitis

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 39

Which digestive enzyme breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipase

Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Protease

Answer

Carbohydrase

Question 40

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is:

Accepted Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Alcoholism

Answer

Infectious agents

Answer

Trauma

Question 41

Which of the following is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Ascites

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Hematemesis

Question 42

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing esophageal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

Low body mass index

Answer

High intake of fruits and vegetables

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 43

Which surgical procedure is performed to treat appendicitis?

Accepted Answer

Appendectomy

Answer

Pancreatectomy

Answer

Gastrectomy

Answer

Colectomy

Question 44

Which medication is commonly used to treat irritable bowel syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Antispasmodic medication

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 45

Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of:

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Cholecystitis

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 46

Which is the primary etiological agent of gastric ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Chronic stress

Answer

Excessive alcohol intake

Answer

Frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 47

What is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer associated with Barrett's esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Question 48

Which liver condition is predominantly characterized by inflammation and fibrosis caused by autoimmune mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Answer

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Answer

Viral hepatitis

Question 49

Which is a significant risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Age over 50

Answer

Regular physical exercise

Answer

Adherence to a vegetarian diet

Answer

Low consumption of fruits and vegetables

Question 50

Which type of pancreatitis is considered the most severe, with a high mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

Necrotizing pancreatitis

Answer

Acute pancreatitis

Answer

Chronic pancreatitis

Question 51

Which symptom is commonly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Question 52

Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Question 53

Which is a potential health complication of untreated celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Pancreatitis

Answer

Hepatitis

Question 54

Which surgical intervention is commonly employed to treat Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia?

Accepted Answer

Esophagectomy

Answer

Fundoplication

Answer

Endoscopic mucosal resection

Answer

Gastrectomy