Master Common Endocrine Diseases: Quizzes for Histology Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Low blood pressure

Answer

Cold intolerance

Question 2

What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Answer

Insulin resistance

Answer

Genetic predisposition

Answer

Viral infection

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is produced by the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 4

What is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

To regulate growth and hormone production

Answer

To secrete insulin

Answer

To control blood glucose levels

Answer

To regulate calcium metabolism

Question 5

Which of the following tests is used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

24-hour urine cortisol test

Answer

Thyroid function test

Answer

Hemoglobin A1c test

Answer

Prolactin level test

Question 6

What is the primary treatment approach for Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Anti-thyroid medications

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Insulin therapy

Answer

Surgery

Question 7

What is the characteristic clinical finding in diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Azotemia

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Constipation

Question 9

What is the primary function of the adrenal glands in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To produce stress hormones

Answer

To regulate blood pressure

Answer

To control blood glucose levels

Answer

To produce thyroid hormones

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 11

The pancreas is primarily responsible for regulating:

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels

Answer

Hormone production

Answer

Cell growth

Answer

Fluid balance

Question 12

Which hormone promotes secondary male characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Question 13

Grave's disease, an autoimmune disorder, is primarily caused by:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune response

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Genetic mutation

Question 14

The primary treatment for hypothyroidism involves:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Radioactive iodine therapy

Question 15

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is histologically characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration

Answer

Follicular hyperplasia

Answer

Colloid goiter

Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Question 16

Fluid balance in the body is primarily maintained by:

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 17

The most prevalent type of thyroid cancer is:

Accepted Answer

Papillary carcinoma

Answer

Follicular carcinoma

Answer

Medullary carcinoma

Answer

Anaplastic carcinoma

Question 18

In endocrine surgery, which principle is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing invasiveness and preserving endocrine function

Answer

Complete gland removal is always necessary

Answer

Surgery is only indicated for cancerous tumors

Question 19

What is the primary hormone associated with regulation of blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 20

Which condition is primarily characterized by insulin resistance?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 21

Increased skin pigmentation is a common symptom associated with which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 22

Which type of thyroid carcinoma is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Answer

Follicular thyroid carcinoma

Answer

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Answer

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

Question 23

What are the potential treatment options for Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A combination of the above

Answer

Surgical removal of the adrenal gland

Answer

Medications inhibiting cortisol production

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 24

Which histological feature is characteristic of Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland

Answer

Hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells

Answer

Formation of Hürthle cells

Answer

Amyloid deposition

Question 25

Which of the following is the primary function of the parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism

Answer

Growth hormone secretion

Answer

Thyroid hormone production

Answer

Blood pressure control

Question 26

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Radiation treatment

Answer

Thyroid surgery

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Question 27

Which condition is characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 28

Why is patient education and self-management vital in the effective management of endocrine disorders?

Accepted Answer

Patient education and self-management enable patients to understand their condition and actively participate in their care.

Answer

Patient education and self-management are only essential for rare endocrine disorders.

Answer

Patient education and self-management solely involve taking prescribed medications.

Question 29

Which of the following is characterized by an overproduction of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 30

A patient presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Acromegaly

Question 31

Which hormone is predominantly secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 32

A patient has elevated blood glucose levels and a diminished response to insulin. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 33

What is a prevalent cause of hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 34

An individual presents with a large pituitary tumor located in the anterior region. Which of the following symptoms is most frequently associated with this type of tumor?

Accepted Answer

Visual field defects

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 35

Which hormone is responsible for triggering the release of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 36

Which endocrine disorder is characterized by low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 37

Which of the following is a typical symptom of Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Moon face

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Visual field defects

Answer

Polyuria

Question 38

Which of the following is the least common clinical manifestation of Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Exophthalmos

Question 39

What type of endocrine tumor is primarily responsible for excessive growth hormone secretion, leading to gigantism or acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Answer

Parathyroid adenoma

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Islet cell tumor

Question 40

Which of the following autoimmune disorders is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 41

Which specialized pancreatic cells are responsible for producing and secreting insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Delta cells

Answer

Alpha cells

Answer

Acini cells

Question 42

Which hormone, primarily produced by the parathyroid glands, plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Calcitonin

Question 43

What is the most common underlying cause of adrenal insufficiency, characterized by impaired production of adrenal hormones?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune Addison's disease

Answer

Neuroblastoma

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 44

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication associated with diabetes mellitus, affecting the blood vessels that supply the retina?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 45

Which layer of the adrenal cortex is primarily involved in secreting glucocorticoids, hormones essential for stress response and immune function?

Accepted Answer

Zona fasciculata

Answer

Epinephrine secretion

Answer

Sex hormone secretion

Answer

Mineralocorticoid secretion

Question 46

Which endocrine gland, located in the abdominal cavity, is NOT part of the endocrine system of the neck?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Pituitary

Answer

Thyroid

Answer

Parathyroid

Question 47

What is the medical term for the congenital condition characterized by the complete absence of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Athyreosis

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Goiter

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 48

Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by excessive secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 49

Which of the following is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome in adults?

Accepted Answer

Exogenous steroid use (iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome)

Answer

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Question 50

What is the primary function of the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of glucose metabolism

Answer

Mediation of stress responses

Answer

Secretion of growth hormone

Answer

Regulation of thyroid function

Question 51

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 52

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Prediabetes

Question 53

What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Goiter

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Acromegaly

Question 54

Which of the following hormones plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine