Leukemia Learning Quizzes: Comprehensive Review for Medical Students

Question 1

Which characteristic feature distinguishes acute leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Excessive proliferation of immature blood-forming cells

Answer

Slow and gradual onset

Answer

Dominance of mature lymphocytes in the bone marrow

Answer

Absence of circulating immature cells

Question 2

Which form of chronic myeloid leukemia is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia

Answer

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

Answer

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 3

What is the first-line treatment for newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Targeted therapy using arsenic trioxide

Answer

Chemotherapy as the initial treatment

Answer

Stem cell transplant from a matching donor

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 4

Which complication frequently arises in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Answer

High levels of calcium in the blood

Answer

Progression to acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Widespread clotting within blood vessels

Question 5

In chronic myeloid leukemia, what is the primary cause of an enlarged spleen?

Accepted Answer

Infiltration by leukemia cells

Answer

Increased pressure in the portal vein

Answer

Scarring of bone marrow

Answer

Blood clot formation

Question 6

What is the main purpose of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant in leukemia treatment?

Accepted Answer

To replace damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells

Answer

To eliminate remaining leukemia cells

Answer

To enhance the immune system's response

Answer

To reduce the likelihood of relapse

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Normal bone marrow function

Answer

Malignant proliferation of immature blood cells

Answer

Impaired blood cell production

Answer

Infiltration of abnormal cells into various organs

Question 8

The French-American-British (FAB) classification system primarily categorizes leukemia based on:

Accepted Answer

Cell morphology and maturation

Answer

Immunophenotype

Answer

Cytogenetics

Answer

Molecular genetics

Question 9

Which subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation?

Accepted Answer

APL

Answer

AML with myelodysplasia-related changes

Answer

AML with inv(16)

Answer

AML not otherwise specified

Question 10

In diagnosing leukemia, which of the following tests is considered the gold standard?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration

Answer

Complete blood count with differential

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Cytogenetic analysis

Question 11

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Asians

Answer

Caucasians

Answer

African Americans

Answer

Hispanics

Question 12

Which of the following is **NOT** characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Accepted Answer

Typically rapid disease progression

Answer

Predominantly small, mature lymphocytes

Answer

Increased risk of secondary lymphoid malignancies

Answer

Frequent involvement of lymph nodes, marrow, and blood

Question 13

Which of the following is a typical presenting symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

Petechiae and bruising

Answer

Arthralgias and myalgias

Answer

Night sweats and fevers

Answer

Dyspnea and fatigue

Question 14

What is the first-line treatment approach for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 15

What is the primary objective of palliative care in leukemia management?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life

Answer

To prolong survival

Answer

To achieve cure

Answer

To prevent recurrence

Question 16

How does monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) aid in leukemia management?

Accepted Answer

Assesses treatment response and guides decisions

Accepted Answer

Predicts prognosis and relapse risk

Answer

Confirms complete remission and cure

Question 17

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which complete blood count (CBC) finding is most common?

Accepted Answer

Neutropenia

Answer

Macrocytosis

Answer

Thrombocytosis

Answer

Eosinophilia

Question 18

How does precision medicine personalize leukemia treatment based on individual patient characteristics?

Accepted Answer

By using genetic profiling and individualized biomarkers to guide treatment selection.

Answer

By exclusively employing targeted monoclonal antibody therapies.

Answer

By deeming precision medicine irrelevant to leukemia management.

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation of immature blood cells in the bone marrow

Answer

Decreased platelet count

Answer

Elevated hemoglobin levels

Answer

Increased production of mature red blood cells

Question 20

Which type of leukemia is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with rapid onset and progression?

Accepted Answer

Acute leukemia

Answer

Lymphoid leukemia

Answer

Myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic leukemia

Question 21

What is the most common genetic abnormality associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))

Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Deletion of chromosome 17

Question 22

Which of the following is a typical clinical presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

Fever, fatigue, pallor, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly

Answer

Weight loss, night sweats, and fatigue

Answer

Skin rash, joint pain, and fever

Question 23

What is the primary aim of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Accepted Answer

To achieve remission by eradicating leukemic blasts

Answer

To improve overall survival

Answer

To prepare for stem cell transplantation

Answer

To prevent relapse

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Prognosis is variable, with some patients having a long survival, while others may develop aggressive disease.

Answer

CLL generally has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options.

Answer

Most patients with CLL achieve complete remission with treatment.

Question 25

Which type of leukemia is predominantly seen in children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 26

What is the primary objective of maintenance therapy in chronic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

To prolong remission and prevent disease recurrence

Answer

To eradicate all leukemia cells and achieve a cure

Answer

To prepare for future stem cell transplantation

Answer

To improve quality of life and alleviate symptoms

Question 27

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with stem cell transplantation for leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Hepatitis C virus infection

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 28

Which type of leukemia is characterized by a predominance of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood?

Accepted Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 29

Which of the following is a common initial presentation of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, weakness, and bruising

Answer

Muscle pain

Answer

Skin rashes

Answer

Joint swelling

Question 30

Which of the following is a known risk factor for developing leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to ionizing radiation

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Smoking

Question 31

What is the definitive diagnostic test for leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration

Answer

Cytogenetic analysis

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Peripheral blood smear

Question 32

What is the primary objective of induction chemotherapy in acute leukemia?

Accepted Answer

To induce remission

Answer

To improve quality of life

Answer

To prevent relapse

Answer

To cure the disease

Question 33

What is the primary objective of supportive care in leukemia management?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life

Answer

To prevent relapse

Answer

To cure the disease

Question 34

Prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) guide treatment decisions. Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities is associated with a favorable prognosis and low risk of relapse?

Accepted Answer

Hyperdiploidy

Answer

Translocation t(4;11)

Answer

Deletion of chromosome 9q

Answer

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 35

Hairy cell leukemia is a distinct type of leukemia with characteristic clinical features. Which of the following clinical presentations is most commonly associated with hairy cell leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and hairy cells in the blood

Answer

Fever, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy

Answer

Night sweats, fatigue, and skin rashes

Answer

Bone pain, anemia, and thrombocytopenia

Question 36

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is diagnosed based on specific laboratory findings. Which of the following tests is considered the gold standard for diagnosing CML?

Accepted Answer

Karyotyping to detect the Philadelphia chromosome

Answer

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level

Answer

Peripheral blood smear showing increased blast cells

Answer

Bone marrow biopsy with flow cytometry

Question 37

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of AML with a unique treatment approach. Which of the following medications is the cornerstone of frontline therapy for APL?

Accepted Answer

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)

Answer

Cytarabine

Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

Autologous stem cell transplant

Question 38

Risk factors play a role in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for CLL?

Accepted Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Viral infections

Answer

Exposure to radiation

Answer

Autoimmune disorders

Question 39

Monitoring response to treatment is crucial in leukemia management. Which of the following laboratory tests is primarily used to monitor the response to treatment for leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Complete blood count with differential

Answer

Bone marrow biopsy

Answer

Serum tumor markers

Answer

Peripheral blood smear

Question 40

A patient presents with fever, fatigue, and easy bruising. A blood test reveals pancytopenia. The bone marrow aspirate shows blasts with Auer rods. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Family history

Answer

Immune deficiency

Question 42

Which of the following treatment options is commonly used as first-line therapy for hairy cell leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Cladribine

Answer

Rituximab

Answer

Venetoclax

Answer

Ibrutinib

Question 43

What is the most prevalent subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults?

Accepted Answer

B-cell precursor ALL

Answer

T-cell ALL

Answer

Pre-B ALL

Answer

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 44

What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase

Answer

Stimulation of immune response

Answer

Induction of apoptosis

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Question 45

What is the recommended first-line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Answer

Targeted therapy

Answer

Induction chemotherapy

Question 46

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled proliferation of immature blood cells

Answer

Absence of bone marrow involvement

Answer

Normal blood counts

Answer

Formation of solid tumors

Question 47

Which classification system is primarily used to categorize acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Accepted Answer

French-American-British (FAB) classification

Answer

World Health Organization (WHO) classification

Answer

Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification

Answer

Ann Arbor staging system

Question 48

Which specific cytogenetic abnormality is commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22))

Answer

Trisomy 8

Answer

Inversion 16

Answer

Deletion 20q

Question 49

What is the typical first-line treatment approach for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults?

Accepted Answer

Combination chemotherapy

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Answer

Targeted therapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 50

Which type of leukemia is characterized by the presence of large, immature blast cells in the peripheral blood?

Accepted Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 51

The prognosis of leukemia can be influenced by several factors, including:

Accepted Answer

Type of leukemia, disease stage at diagnosis, and patient age

Answer

Race only

Answer

Gender only